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Bio Final > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What generates and transmits the force in a muscular hydrostats?

A

Muscle for both

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2
Q

What part of the hydrostatic skeleton supports the body

A

The fluid

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3
Q

How do animals with hydrostatic skeletons deal with buckling?

A

They reinforce with though fibers

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4
Q

Compare fluid filled hydrostats and muscular hydrostats

A

Muscular hydrostats have a much greater body to force ratio and can move much faster than fluid filled hydrostats

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5
Q

What are the three types of life cycles exhibited by organisms?

A

Diploid haploid and alternation of generations

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6
Q

What is the key difference between them?

A

The path they take to adulthood or maturity

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7
Q

What type of life cycle do all sexually reproducing animals exhibit?

A

Diploid

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8
Q

What are the three variations of the diploid lifecycle?

A

Direct- zygote to juvenile to adult
Indirect - zygote larva adult
Biphasic- shift between sexual and asexual reproduction.

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9
Q

What are the unifying characteristics of K. Fungi?

A

Chemoheterotroph
Cell wall made of chiton
Secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients

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10
Q

What’s the difference between hyphae, fruiting body and mycelium?

A

Mycelium is the feeding network
Fruiting body is the reproductive structure
Both are made up of hyphae

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11
Q

What does it mean when the hyphae are dikaryotic?

A

The have two haploid nucleic

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12
Q

What is the difference between a spore and a gamete?

A

A spore ca develop directly into a zygote while a gamete must fuse with another gamete before developing into a new zygote

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13
Q

What type of lifecycle do fungi exhibit?$

A

Haploid

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14
Q

What is the oldest fungal phylum and what are their defining characteristics?

A

Chitridiomycota.

They re flagellated and unicellular

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15
Q

How can you tell the difference between a zygomycete and basisiomycete hyphae?

A

Zygomycete are ceonocitic and those of baidiomycetes are septate

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16
Q

What is lichen?

A

A mutulalisitic relationship between fungus and a photosynthetic cell. Each benefits from the relationship. PC: protection from UV and herbivores and fungi: benefits of photosynthesis

17
Q

What type of lifecycle do all plants exhibit?

A

Alternation of generations

18
Q

What features unit all plants ?

A 
Alternation of generation
Have waxy water resistant cuticles 
Multicellular gametanga and sporangia 
Zygote is retained and nourished by maternal tissue
Thick walled non flagellated sores
19
Q

Do some sexually reproducing organisms lack a gametophyte stage?

A

No

20
Q

Do all plants have a sporophyte stage?

A

Yes

21
Q

What are dikaryotic hyphae?

A

Hyphae with two haploid nuclei per cell

22
Q

How are the dikaryotic hyphae formed?

A

During plasogomy without karyogamy

23
Q

Why is a dominant sporophyte generation advantageous?

A

The increased size leads to a greater ability to produce a large number of spores and increased dispersal capability

24
Q

What is the most fundamental difference between a heteropsoprous plant and a homosporous plant?

A

Heteropsoprous plants produce two sizes of spores and homosporous only produce one

25
Q

How is the gametophyte stage in selaginella different from that in ferns?

A

Selaginella produces two kinds of gametes and ferns only produce one

26
Q

What is the dispersal agent in ferns and bryophytes?

A

Spores

27
Q

What’s the dispersal stage in charophytes?

A

The zygote

28
Q

Do any organisms we looked at have a multicellular heterokaryotic stage?

A

No

29
Q

What organisms have sperm that must swim to the egg?

A

Charophytes and bryophytes

30
Q

What organisms have a sporophyte that is retained an nourished by the maternal tissue?

A

Ferns and bryophytes

31
Q

What organisms have a gametophyte that is retained and nourished by the gametophyte?

A

None

32
Q

What is one organism that has a fluid filled hydrostat?

A

Earth worms!

33
Q

Why does a helical pattern better as a tough fiber?

A

It is more flexible and does not kink when it is bent

34
Q

What type of lifecycle do charophytes exhibit?

A

Haploid

35
Q

What transmits the force in a fluid filled hydrostats and what generates it?

A

Fluid transmits and muscle generated

Bio Final (4 decks)

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