Exam 3 Flashcards by Channing Jensen

a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person.

Elderly abuse

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Can be a variation of physical, psychological/emotional, sexual, financial, or simply reflect intentional or unintentional neglect.

Elderly abuse

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Violation of human rights and a significant cause of injury, illness, lost productivity, isolation, and despair.

Elderly abuse

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In 1987 this act was created to provide definitions of elder abuse and direct the use of federal funds for awareness and coordination activities.

Older Americans Act

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Became law in March 2010 as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Elder Justice Act

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Charged with providing reports on activities, accomplishments, and challenges in this area and with making recommendations to congressional committees.

Elder Justice Coordinating Council

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Laws enacted in all U.S. states establish systems for reporting and investigating abuse through _______.

Adult Protective Services

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Make up a substantial percentage of elder abuser.s.

Spouses

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Spousal elderly abuse typically shows a history of one member exerting control over the other through intimidation and violence.

True

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____% of perpetrators of sexual abuse were intimate partners.

58%

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Older women who are victims of intimate partner violence have many experiences that are _________

similar to those of their younger counterparts

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Older women were raised in an era where ___

divorce was a source of shame.
less likely to have higher education
they never lived alone
No independent skills (finances)

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nursing home costs

- household contribution (limited)

Multifaceted motivations for an elderly relative

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Two main categories of children AS abusers

financial dependent abusers

stress induced abusers

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Dependent on the victim for financial assistance, housing, and other supports.

financial dependent abusers

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Abuse as a result of stress caused by demand for caring for an individual who may suffer from dementia or other illnesses that manifest themselves in a high need for physical care or disruptive behavior.

stress induced abusers

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Refers to older adults who are abused while they are residents of long-term facilities.

Institutional abuse

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____% reported having seen at least one incident of physical abuse perpetrated by staff of an institution in the past year, most frequently inappropriate use of restraints,

36%

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Typologies of sexual offenders against the elderly

Opportunistic
Pervasive anger
Sexual-type
Sexual sadistic
sexual non-sadistic
vindictive

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Elderly abuse prevention (2)

Care-giving

- Education

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Mandatory reporting laws and adult protective services are _____

Integrally linked

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A report of elderly abuse results in ____

an assessment from adult protective services

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When an elderly person is determined to be abused they _____

agree to the intervention

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Women abuse programs provide ____

the model for elder abuse approach

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The intentional and sometimes unintentional or accidental killing of another person.

Homicide

Unlawful taking of human life that is committed intentionally or with malice aforethought

Murder

Earliest system for classification of homicide

UCR

The US homicide rate has steadily ____

deceased throughout the 1990's

2000 homicide rate

5.5 per 100,000

Homicide rates began to ____ in the beginning on 2001.

Increase. 5.6 per 100,000

The murder rate in Canada is _______ than the US

considerably lower

Homicide offenders tend to server ____

longer prison terms

The average stay in prison for homicide offenders between 1896 and 2003

increased by 116%

How many states have capital punishment as a penalty for murder

36 (32 in 2014)

Circumstances that can result in capital punishment

first degree murder, aggravated murder, murder involving sexual assaults or kidnapping, or murder involving drug trafficking

Recidivism rates

67% rearrested | 50% re-incarcerated within 3 years.

Homicide recidivism rates

40.7%. Of 19,268 homicide offenders 3,051 committed homicides within 3 years

Six states running Prisoner Reentry Academies

Georgia, Idaho, Massachusetts, Michigan, Rhode Island, Virginia

Forces a police department to arrest perpetrators of family violence due to the fear of being held liable for failing to act.

Civil litigation

One victim and one homicidal event

Single homicide

Two victims who are killed at the same time in one location.

Double homicide

Three victims killed at one time in one location.

Triple homicide

Any single event, single location homicide involving four or more victims

mass murder

One person operating in one location at one period of time, which could be minutes, hours or even days

Mass Murder

If four or more members are killed and the perpetrator takes his own life.

Mass murder-suicide

If four or more members are killed but the perpetrator does not take his own life.

Family Mass murder

A singled event with two or more locations and no emotional cooling-off period between murders. Can be long or short in duration.

Spree Murder

Three or more separate events in three or more separate locations with an emotional cooling-off period between homicides.

Serial Murder

the role of the victim in the crime

victim perception

Which ethnic group committed ~51% of all total homicides reported to law enforcement?

Blacks

_____ accounted for 90.20% of homicides from 1980-2004

Males

Crimes that are not spontaneous or spur of the moment

Organized crimes

"Survivor" and emphasizes the depth of the trauma of a homicide

co-victim

Criminal conduct motivated in whole or in part by a preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.

Hate Crime

Words used as weapons to ambush, terrorize, wound, humiliate, and degrade

Hate speech

Two types of hate crime

Property (42%) | Person (58%)

When was the first hate crime legislation introduced in the US?

1920's and 2940's as a response to the lynching of African Americans.

The majority of racially motivated hate crimes are directed toward ______

black individuals

intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.

xenophobia

Typologies of hate crime

Racial, Religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, political

Typologies of offenders of hate crime motivation

Thrill seeking, defensive, retaliatory, mission

Target the use of self-destructing human beings against civilian populations to effect political change. -Primary targets are witnesses.

Suicide bombers

The outcomes of hate crimes are often highly ______

successful

Significantly higher assault severity than that of normally reported assaults

hate based assaults

Illegal activity conducted through a computer.

Cybercrime

Unauthorized access to a computer or network which may be motivated to publicize beliefs or protest against a certain cause or simply for personal gain.

Computer hacking

Essential services, such as medical systems or banking systems, can be disrupted

Cyberterrorism

Deception conducted through the internet for the purpose of financial gain

Internet fraud

Deception conducted through the internet for the purpose of financial gain

Internet fraud

mandates countries to have unified legislation for international crime prevention (electronic)

Cybercrime Convention

Includes rumors being spread about someone through the use of emails or website postings.

Cyberbullying

Yields billions of dollars in profits

Child pornography

Individuals who view child pornography become desensitized and ______

seek out more and more violent and shocking material

Internet offenders who trade and/or collect child pornography online. -Production, possession, and distribution

Traders

Seek to meet child in person after communicating through e-mail or in a chat room. -sadistic and homicidal acts

Travelers

is a crime in which the attacker harasses a victim using electronic communication, such as e-mail or instant messaging (IM), or messages posted to a Web site or a discussion group.

cyberstalking

Purposeful, unlawful act to deceive, manipulate or provide false statements to damage others often in a material sense.

Fraud

Percentage of students who correctly identified fraudulent sites in a study of 80 MBA students.

15%

Occurs when someone uses the information of another, such as a name, SSN, or credit card number to commit fraud

Identity Theft

Ways that information is obtained to commit identity theft

Dumpster diving, skimming, phishing, changing victims address, stealing wallet.

Grants the exclusive right to authors and developers for distribution, recording, displaying, and performing their work. -Since 1909 but the internet makes this complicated.

Taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear

Robbery

Concerns the taking of a person's property without the permission of the property owner or possessor of that property but does not involve threat

Larceny (theft)

Uninvited and illegal entry into a person's property, cargo container, or any vehicle or vessel.

Burglary

Frequently a secondary crime or byproduct of the intention to commit another crime, typically a more serious crime.

Burglary

A situation in which one or more perpetrators force entry into a home where inhabitants are present for the purposes of robbery, rape, or other crime.

Home invasion

Key element of home invasion robberies

confrontation

State that made home invasion a first degree felony

Florida (93)

With intent to cause death or bodily harm takes a motor vehicle that has been transported, shipped, or received in interstate or foreign commerce from the person or presence of another by force, violence, or intimidation.

Carjacking

Law passed in Louisiana (98) which allows homicide committed by a person who is lawfully inside a motor vehicle against someone who is unlawfully attempting to enter the vehicle if the person believes that deadly force in needed.

Shoot the carjacker

Highest death by homicide occupations

taxicab establishments, liquor stores, bars, gas stations

Highest risk jobs

police, sheriffs, security guards, jewelry store owner

Crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation

White Collar Crime

In about ___% of convictions that are overturned, the issue has been eyewitness identification.

75%

Any action undertaken for reasons of safety, security, or public protection that relies on stereotypes about race, color, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin.

Racial profiling

-Desire for excitement -Youths acting in groups Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

Thrill seeking

-Seen as necessary from the offender's prejudice point of view. -Committed near victim's home, school, or business Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

Defensive

In response to real or believed incident committed by someone in the targeted groups. -Seen as avenging the death of someone Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

Retaliatory

Attempt to rid the world of evil Usually a member of an organized group Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

Mission