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Victimology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person.

A

Elderly abuse

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2
Q

Can be a variation of physical, psychological/emotional, sexual, financial, or simply reflect intentional or unintentional neglect.

A

Elderly abuse

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3
Q

Violation of human rights and a significant cause of injury, illness, lost productivity, isolation, and despair.

A

Elderly abuse

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4
Q

In 1987 this act was created to provide definitions of elder abuse and direct the use of federal funds for awareness and coordination activities.

A

Older Americans Act

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5
Q

Became law in March 2010 as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

A

Elder Justice Act

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6
Q

Charged with providing reports on activities, accomplishments, and challenges in this area and with making recommendations to congressional committees.

A

Elder Justice Coordinating Council

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7
Q

Laws enacted in all U.S. states establish systems for reporting and investigating abuse through _______.

A

Adult Protective Services

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8
Q

Make up a substantial percentage of elder abuser.s.

A

Spouses

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9
Q

Spousal elderly abuse typically shows a history of one member exerting control over the other through intimidation and violence.

A

True

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10
Q

____% of perpetrators of sexual abuse were intimate partners.

A

58%

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11
Q

Older women who are victims of intimate partner violence have many experiences that are _________

A

similar to those of their younger counterparts

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12
Q

Older women were raised in an era where ___

A
  • divorce was a source of shame.
  • less likely to have higher education
  • they never lived alone
  • No independent skills (finances)
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13
Q
  • nursing home costs

- household contribution (limited)

A

Multifaceted motivations for an elderly relative

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14
Q

Two main categories of children AS abusers

A

financial dependent abusers

stress induced abusers

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15
Q

Dependent on the victim for financial assistance, housing, and other supports.

A

financial dependent abusers

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16
Q

Abuse as a result of stress caused by demand for caring for an individual who may suffer from dementia or other illnesses that manifest themselves in a high need for physical care or disruptive behavior.

A

stress induced abusers

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17
Q

Refers to older adults who are abused while they are residents of long-term facilities.

A

Institutional abuse

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18
Q

____% reported having seen at least one incident of physical abuse perpetrated by staff of an institution in the past year, most frequently inappropriate use of restraints,

A

36%

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19
Q

Typologies of sexual offenders against the elderly

A
  • Opportunistic
  • Pervasive anger
  • Sexual-type
  • Sexual sadistic
  • sexual non-sadistic
  • vindictive
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20
Q

Elderly abuse prevention (2)

A
  • Care-giving

- Education

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21
Q

Mandatory reporting laws and adult protective services are _____

A

Integrally linked

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22
Q

A report of elderly abuse results in ____

A

an assessment from adult protective services

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23
Q

When an elderly person is determined to be abused they _____

A

agree to the intervention

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24
Q

Women abuse programs provide ____

A

the model for elder abuse approach

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25
Q

The intentional and sometimes unintentional or accidental killing of another person.

A

Homicide

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26
Q

Unlawful taking of human life that is committed intentionally or with malice aforethought

A

Murder

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27
Q

Earliest system for classification of homicide

A

UCR

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28
Q

The US homicide rate has steadily ____

A

deceased throughout the 1990’s

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29
Q

2000 homicide rate

A

5.5 per 100,000

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30
Q

Homicide rates began to ____ in the beginning on 2001.

A

Increase. 5.6 per 100,000

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31
Q

The murder rate in Canada is _______ than the US

A

considerably lower

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32
Q

Homicide offenders tend to server ____

A

longer prison terms

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33
Q

The average stay in prison for homicide offenders between 1896 and 2003

A

increased by 116%

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34
Q

How many states have capital punishment as a penalty for murder

A

36 (32 in 2014)

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35
Q

Circumstances that can result in capital punishment

A

first degree murder, aggravated murder, murder involving sexual assaults or kidnapping, or murder involving drug trafficking

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36
Q

Recidivism rates

A

67% rearrested

50% re-incarcerated within 3 years.

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37
Q

Homicide recidivism rates

A

40.7%. Of 19,268 homicide offenders 3,051 committed homicides within 3 years

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38
Q

Six states running Prisoner Reentry Academies

A

Georgia, Idaho, Massachusetts, Michigan, Rhode Island, Virginia

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39
Q

Forces a police department to arrest perpetrators of family violence due to the fear of being held liable for failing to act.

A

Civil litigation

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40
Q

One victim and one homicidal event

A

Single homicide

41
Q

Two victims who are killed at the same time in one location.

A

Double homicide

42
Q

Three victims killed at one time in one location.

A

Triple homicide

43
Q

Any single event, single location homicide involving four or more victims

A

mass murder

44
Q

One person operating in one location at one period of time, which could be minutes, hours or even days

A

Mass Murder

45
Q

If four or more members are killed and the perpetrator takes his own life.

A

Mass murder-suicide

46
Q

If four or more members are killed but the perpetrator does not take his own life.

A

Family Mass murder

47
Q

A singled event with two or more locations and no emotional cooling-off period between murders. Can be long or short in duration.

A

Spree Murder

48
Q

Three or more separate events in three or more separate locations with an emotional cooling-off period between homicides.

A

Serial Murder

49
Q

the role of the victim in the crime

A

victim perception

50
Q

Which ethnic group committed ~51% of all total homicides reported to law enforcement?

A

Blacks

51
Q

_____ accounted for 90.20% of homicides from 1980-2004

A

Males

52
Q

Crimes that are not spontaneous or spur of the moment

A

Organized crimes

53
Q

“Survivor” and emphasizes the depth of the trauma of a homicide

A

co-victim

54
Q

Criminal conduct motivated in whole or in part by a preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.

A

Hate Crime

55
Q

Words used as weapons to ambush, terrorize, wound, humiliate, and degrade

A

Hate speech

56
Q

Two types of hate crime

A

Property (42%)

Person (58%)

57
Q

When was the first hate crime legislation introduced in the US?

A

1920’s and 2940’s as a response to the lynching of African Americans.

58
Q

The majority of racially motivated hate crimes are directed toward ______

A

black individuals

59
Q

intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.

A

xenophobia

60
Q

Typologies of hate crime

A

Racial, Religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, political

61
Q

Typologies of offenders of hate crime motivation

A

Thrill seeking, defensive, retaliatory, mission

62
Q

Target the use of self-destructing human beings against civilian populations to effect political change.
-Primary targets are witnesses.

A

Suicide bombers

63
Q

The outcomes of hate crimes are often highly ______

A

successful

64
Q

Significantly higher assault severity than that of normally reported assaults

A

hate based assaults

65
Q

Illegal activity conducted through a computer.

A

Cybercrime

66
Q

Unauthorized access to a computer or network which may be motivated to publicize beliefs or protest against a certain cause or simply for personal gain.

A

Computer hacking

67
Q

Essential services, such as medical systems or banking systems, can be disrupted

A

Cyberterrorism

68
Q

Deception conducted through the internet for the purpose of financial gain

A

Internet fraud

69
Q

Deception conducted through the internet for the purpose of financial gain

A

Internet fraud

70
Q

mandates countries to have unified legislation for international crime prevention (electronic)

A

Cybercrime Convention

71
Q

Includes rumors being spread about someone through the use of emails or website postings.

A

Cyberbullying

72
Q

Yields billions of dollars in profits

A

Child pornography

73
Q

Individuals who view child pornography become desensitized and ______

A

seek out more and more violent and shocking material

74
Q

Internet offenders who trade and/or collect child pornography online.
-Production, possession, and distribution

A

Traders

75
Q

Seek to meet child in person after communicating through e-mail or in a chat room.
-sadistic and homicidal acts

A

Travelers

76
Q

is a crime in which the attacker harasses a victim using electronic communication, such as e-mail or instant messaging (IM), or messages posted to a Web site or a discussion group.

A

cyberstalking

77
Q

Purposeful, unlawful act to deceive, manipulate or provide false statements to damage others often in a material sense.

A

Fraud

78
Q

Percentage of students who correctly identified fraudulent sites in a study of 80 MBA students.

A

15%

79
Q

Occurs when someone uses the information of another, such as a name, SSN, or credit card number to commit fraud

A

Identity Theft

80
Q

Ways that information is obtained to commit identity theft

A

Dumpster diving, skimming, phishing, changing victims address, stealing wallet.

81
Q

Grants the exclusive right to authors and developers for distribution, recording, displaying, and performing their work.
-Since 1909 but the internet makes this complicated.

A

Copyright laws

82
Q

Taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear

A

Robbery

83
Q

Concerns the taking of a person’s property without the permission of the property owner or possessor of that property but does not involve threat

A

Larceny (theft)

84
Q

Uninvited and illegal entry into a person’s property, cargo container, or any vehicle or vessel.

A

Burglary

85
Q

Frequently a secondary crime or byproduct of the intention to commit another crime, typically a more serious crime.

A

Burglary

86
Q

A situation in which one or more perpetrators force entry into a home where inhabitants are present for the purposes of robbery, rape, or other crime.

A

Home invasion

87
Q

Key element of home invasion robberies

A

confrontation

88
Q

State that made home invasion a first degree felony

A

Florida (93)

89
Q

With intent to cause death or bodily harm takes a motor vehicle that has been transported, shipped, or received in interstate or foreign commerce from the person or presence of another by force, violence, or intimidation.

A

Carjacking

90
Q

Law passed in Louisiana (98) which allows homicide committed by a person who is lawfully inside a motor vehicle against someone who is unlawfully attempting to enter the vehicle if the person believes that deadly force in needed.

A

Shoot the carjacker

91
Q

Highest death by homicide occupations

A

taxicab establishments, liquor stores, bars, gas stations

92
Q

Highest risk jobs

A

police, sheriffs, security guards, jewelry store owner

93
Q

Crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of their occupation

A

White Collar Crime

94
Q

In about ___% of convictions that are overturned, the issue has been eyewitness identification.

A

75%

95
Q

Any action undertaken for reasons of safety, security, or public protection that relies on stereotypes about race, color, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin.

A

Racial profiling

96
Q

-Desire for excitement
-Youths acting in groups
Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

A

Thrill seeking

97
Q

-Seen as necessary from the offender’s prejudice point of view.
-Committed near victim’s home, school, or business
Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

A

Defensive

98
Q

In response to real or believed incident committed by someone in the targeted groups.
-Seen as avenging the death of someone
Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

A

Retaliatory

99
Q

Attempt to rid the world of evil
Usually a member of an organized group
Typology of offenders of hate crime motivation

A

Mission

Victimology (3 decks)

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