Exam 2

Question 1

Any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child.

Answer 1

Child maltreatment

Question 2

Types of maltreatment that involve acts of commission

Answer 2

physical abuse, sexual abuse and physiological abuse.

Question 3

Failure to provide, physical neglect, emotional neglect, medical/dental neglect, educational neglect, failure to supervise, exposure to violent environments are examples of

Answer 3

Acts of omission

Question 4

A reporting system for all cases that come to the attention of child protective services, provides a primary approach for gathering statistics related to child abuse and neglect.

Answer 4

The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System

Question 5

The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System is voluntary

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Aside from the The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System what are the other four approaches to examining child maltreatment

Answer 6

• Prospective data collection in selected communities to identify cases of child maltreatment not reported to CPS.
• Asking adults about how they have treated their children during a specific period.
• Asking children about their experiences of violence, including their maltreatment.
• Asking adults how they were treated during their childhood.

Question 7

A Congressional mandated, periodic effort of the US Department of Heath and Human Services.

Answer 7

National Incident Study (NIS)

Question 8

Takes into account cases that were reported to CPS and those that were not.

Answer 8

National Incident Study (NIS)

Question 9

Harm Standard

Answer 9

includes only children who have already experienced harm from abuse or neglect.

Question 10

Harm Standard Statistics

Answer 10

More than 1.25 million US children (or 1 in 58) experienced maltreatment during 2005-2006.
-44% abused 61% neglected

Question 11

Empowered town wardens to bind orphans to apprentices.

Answer 11

Orphan’s Act of 1799

Question 12

Authorized the first federal grants for child welfare services in the US

Answer 12

Social Security Act 1935

Question 13

Requires each state to establish policies and procedures for the reporting and investigation of child abuse and neglect.

Answer 13

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974

Question 14

The types of professionals mandated to report child maltreatment has expanded to include..

Answer 14

almost everyone

Question 15

_____ protect the reporter in good faith.

Answer 15

State statutes

Question 16

Investigates cases of suspected child maltreatment and place children in foster care and helps families receive nurse practitioners or substances abuse counseling if needed.

Answer 16

Child protective Services (CPS)

Question 17

includes neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional maltreatment

Answer 17

Child maltreatment

Question 18

Characterized by omissions in care resulting in significant harm or risk of significant harm. Can also expand to failure to provide child’s basic needs.

Answer 18

Neglect

Question 19

Neglect can be a one time incident or ____

Answer 19

it is usually a pattern of unsafe care caused by serious mental health problems or substance abuse issues on the part of the caregiver.

Question 20

These injuries make of 50% of child abuse cases

Answer 20

Burn (from very hot tap water)

Question 21

In which severe intracranial trauma occurs in the absence of signs of external head trauma.

Answer 21

Shaken baby syndrome.

Question 22

Form of child abuse in which the abuser fabricates an illness in a child for the purpose of obtaining attention from medical professionals.

Answer 22

Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy.

Question 23

Includes physical contact, including touching or exposing of sexual or other intimate parts of a person for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in either the perpetrator or the subject child.

Answer 23

Sexual abuse.

Question 24

Another form of sexual abuse

Answer 24

Child pornography

Question 25

repeated pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme incidents that conveys to children that they are worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only of value in meeting another needs.

Answer 25

Psychological maltreatment

Question 26

Effects of psychological maltreatment

Answer 26

lags in development, learning problems, and speech disorders.

Question 27

The longitudinal findings that show both child abuse and child neglect may lead to antisocial and criminal behavior and/or abuse of one's own children

Answer 27

Intergenerational transmission of violence

Question 28

Argues that abusive parents provide aggressive models for their children

Answer 28

Social Learning Theory

Question 29

Two processes of social learning theory

Answer 29

- Teaching them that expressive behavior such as injurious actions is normal and justified. - Egocentrism is both normal and desired and aggression is permissible in getting others to do what one wishes.

Question 30

- The focus on parental psychopathology | - focuses on abnormalities within the child/parent relationship

Answer 30

Ecological Theory

Question 31

Four abnormalities in Ecological theory

Answer 31

- Inappropriate parental expectations - Lack of empathy towards the child's needs. - Physical punishment - Parental role reversal

Question 32

May develop aversive feelings about sex, overvaluing sex, sexual identity problems, and hypersexual or sexual avoidance.

Answer 32

Victims of sexual abuse.

Question 33

Key way to understand child trauma.

Answer 33

Developmental traumatology

Question 34

The range of clinical symptomology that appears after such exposure.

Answer 34

Complex trauma

Question 35

3 epidemical approaches that have bee used to investigate child abuse

Answer 35

- Longitudinal cohorts over time. - Case control design. Asked about maltreatment - Targets specific populations in geographical areas.

Question 36

Complex child trauma (5 domains)

Answer 36

1-Self-regulatory, attachment, and affective disorders in infancy and childhood. 2-Addictions, agression, social helplessness, and eating disorders. 3-Dissicoiative, somataform, cardiovasucalr, metabolic, and immunological 4-Sexual disorders 5-recidivism

Question 37

Average age of child targeted for prostitution

Answer 37

12-14 for girls | 11-13 for boys

Question 38

NISMART-2 statistics

Answer 38

797,500 children (>18) were reported missing in 1 year. 203,900 children were victims of family abductions 58,200 non-family abductions 115 stereotypical kidnapping

Question 39

Lindbergh Law

Answer 39

made kidnapping a federal offense

Question 40

Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act

Answer 40

requires states to implement a sex offender and crimes against children registry

Question 41

Megan's Law

Answer 41

Parents should have a right to know when a sexual predator moves into the neighborhood.

Question 42

Law passed in 1910 making interstate transportation of women for the purpose of prostitution a felony offense

Answer 42

Mann Act

Question 43

Reported cases of infant and fetal abduction between 1983 and 2011

Answer 43

280 (46 from hospital) (40% from home) (14% other)

Question 44

Infant abduction

Answer 44

kidnapping of an infant is less than 6 months of age.

Question 45

Females are more likely to be abducted by nonfamily members

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Four categories of non familial child abductors

Answer 46

Pedophiles (largest) Serial killers Profiteers Childless psychotics

Question 47

Runaways make up _____

Answer 47

the majority of missing children

Question 48

Criteriia for an Amber Alert

Answer 48

Confirmed abduction Risk of death or injury Law Enforcement needs information about child and captor. Child must be younger than 17

Question 49

Situations where the offender establishes a nonsexual relationship with the child so that the child comes to trust and feel comfortable with the offender.

Answer 49

Coerced

Question 50

The most commonly used technique of luring children into coerced sexual activity is capitalizing on the ____

Answer 50

child's need for human contact, approval, attention

Question 51

Situations where the offender gains access to the child through intimidation in the form of verbal threats or physical force

Answer 51

Forced (expression of power and anger)

Question 52

do not have a true sexual preference for children but engage in sex with children for varied complex reasons. -Can be a one time thing or a pattern

Answer 52

Situational offenders

Question 53

A preferential child molester must have

Answer 53

- high amount of contact with victim | - high level of fixation or pedophilic interest

Question 54

Offenders who have spent little or not time with victims

Answer 54

low contact

Question 55

Offenders who have spent a large amount of time with victim

Answer 55

high contact

Question 56

Any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm in the relationship.

Answer 56

Intimate partner violence

Question 57

IPV accounted for __% of violent crimes against women and __% of violent crimes against men from 2001 to 2005.

Answer 57

22% and 4%

Question 58

Ex-spouses are responsible for __% of all homicides against women and __% of all homicides against men.

Answer 58

38% and 2%

Question 59

Violence ended at separation __% of the time time

Answer 59

63%

Question 60

Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment

Answer 60

Arrest is the most effective method of reducing domestic violence. (Never been able to replicate in subsequent studies)

Question 61

Prohibits a convicted domestic abuser or child abuser from carrying a gun

Answer 61

Domestic Violence Misdemeanor Gun Ban

Question 62

Exposure of children to domestic abuse is a form of

Answer 62

child abuse

Question 63

3 phases of battering cycle

Answer 63

1-tension reduction (verbal, minor physical abuse) 2-Acute battering episode (severe physical and verbal abuse) 3-Loving attrition Repeats again

Question 64

Police are less likely to intervene in domestic abuse if ___

Answer 64

The coupe is of same sex

Question 65

Typologies of batterers

Answer 65

- Family Only (least violent) - Dysphoric-boderline (moderate to severe) - Generally violent-antisocial (highest level of violence)

Question 66

Risk factors associated with homicide in intimate partner violence

Answer 66

- low education level - access to firearm - drug abuse - abuser separated from victim - controller abuser - stepchild in the home - previous weapon threats

Question 67

Honor killing

Answer 67

involve murder of family member to restore family name

Question 68

Honor killings are generally

Answer 68

planned in advance and made after several threats have been made.

Question 69

An extension of self-defense laws that appreciates battered women's perceptions of risk and the possibility of escape

Answer 69

Battered women's syndrome defense.

Question 70

Elements of battered women syndrome defense

Answer 70

- existence of complex post traumatic stress disorder - existence of battered women syndrome - uniqueness of events leading to offense - belief that death was imminent - why women remained trapped in relationship

Question 71

Intervention programs for IPV

Answer 71

- child witnesses of violence - victims of violence - programs for batterers

Question 72

A pattern of conduct in which one person inflicts on another repeated, unwanted intrusions, and communications to the extent the victim fears his or her own safety

Answer 72

Stalking

Question 73

Characterizations of stalking

Answer 73

Intentional, repeated, and results in fear

Question 74

Most stalking victims are ___

Answer 74

female 60-80%

Question 75

Causing fear that originates from the obsession of one individual with another who is uninterested in a relationship

Answer 75

Obsessional harassment

Question 76

___% of victims knew their stalker

Answer 76

79%

Question 77

Which state passed the first stalking laws in the Western World?

Answer 77

California (1990)

Question 78

Most states require a ______ for stalking cases

Answer 78

credible threat of harm

Question 79

4 categories of stalking

Answer 79

- celebrity stalking - erotomanic stalking - stalking as an extension of intimate partner - sexually sadistic stalker

Question 80

love obsessed stalkers/#1 fan in love

Answer 80

celebrity stalkers

Question 81

Delusional loving, belief that someone of a higher stature is passionately in love with them.

Answer 81

Erotomanic stalking

Question 82

Most likely to fall into the erotomanic stalking category

Answer 82

females

Question 83

Stalking is a form of domestic violence in ____% of all cases

Answer 83

75-80%

Question 84

Women are _____ as likely to be stalked as men.

Answer 84

Twice

Question 85

81% of women in the NVAWS reported physical abuse and ___% had been sexually assaulted by their stalker.

Answer 85

81% and 31%

Question 86

a factor that elevates the rate of spousal homicide in women

Answer 86

marital separation

Question 87

Rare, most distressing stalker. | -a violent and dangerous offender seeks a victim to satisfy desires.

Answer 87

Sexually sadistic stalkers

Question 88

Victims should do what to maintain safety?

Answer 88

- vigilant about risks - create and maintain documentation - avoid contact with stalker

Question 89

Assessing dangerousness of stalker

Answer 89

- Reason for contacts - Emotional response - Thought Content - Contact pattern and predatory behaviors - Preoccupation

Question 90

Predatory and sexually sadistic stalkers are generally dealt with through

Answer 90

the criminal justice system

Question 91

Erotomania stalkers are best treated

Answer 91

psychotropic medications

Question 92

Treatment of stalkers is

Answer 92

highly challenging

Question 93

'Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person without consent of a victim."

Answer 93

FBI advisory board definition of rape

Question 94

Clay-Warner and Burt reported the likelihood of a women reporting rape to police is more likely now than in 1975 by ___%

Answer 94

88%

Question 95

Encourage the focus on the culpability of the accused rather than on the victim's sexual history

Answer 95

Rape shield laws

Question 96

Certain types of sexual acts committed by the defendant are _____

Answer 96

allowed into evidence at trial when facing similar charges

Question 97

Reasons for not reporting rape

Answer 97

Fear of the legal system, fear of retaliation, guilt and blame,personal matters, victim-offender relationship

Question 98

"out of the blue" and without prior interaction between assailant and victim.

Answer 98

Blitz Rape

Question 99

Goals of the rape assailant

Answer 99

physical and sexual control of the victim

Question 100

An attack in which the assailant obtains sex under false pretenses by using deceit, betrayal, and often violence

Answer 100

Confidence rape

Question 101

3 methods of pressured sex

Answer 101

1-Pressure based around material goods 2-pressures victim to accept human contact 3-pressure victim to believe the sexual activity is appropriate and enjoyable.

Question 102

Male and female agree to have sexual relations but then something went wrong.

Answer 102

Sex Stress

Question 103

Psychological impact of sexual assaults

Answer 103

symptoms persist over a long period of time and may not abate despite therapeutic efforts.

Question 104

Two phases of rape trauma

Answer 104

1-immediate (acute) | 2-long term (disrupts entire life)

Question 105

Clinical work from 1970-1990 suggest that rape was in fact serving

Answer 105

primary nonsexual needs. Expression of power and anger

Question 106

Rape and sexual assault are acts ensuing from interpersonal aggression.

Answer 106

Theory of Interpersonal aggression

Question 107

Expressed in aggression is generally low and does not exceed what was necessary to force victim compliance. - Compensation for inadequacy, vulnerability, and helplessness - Repetitive and compulsive

Answer 107

Exploitative Rape

Question 108

- Unprovoked physical and verbal aggression or physical force in excess of that necessary to gain victim compliance must be present - Resistance from the victim is likely to increase aggression and serious injury or death may occur.

Answer 108

Anger Rape

Question 109

Derives satisfaction in sexual abuse of the victim. - sadism - pleasure in torment,torture - victim is stalked, captured, abused, and possibly murdered.

Answer 109

Sadistic Rape

Question 110

SANE

Answer 110

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner - use forensic equipment - document evidence and injuries maintaining chain of evidence

Question 111

NSVRC

Answer 111

National Sexual Violence Resource Center

Question 112

NISMART

Answer 112

National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway and Throwaway Children