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Movement Science 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ligaments of cervical spine (7)

A 
Posterior atlantoaxial 
Anterior atlantoaxial 
Tectorial membrane 
Ligamentum nuchae 
Transverse atlantal 
Alar 
Apical
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2
Q

Posterior atlantoaxial continuation of

A

Ligamentum flavum

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3
Q

Anterior atlantoaxial continuation of

A

ALL

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4
Q

Tectorial membrane continuation of

A

PLL

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5
Q

Ligamentum nuchae continuation of

A

Supraspinous

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6
Q

Functions of transverse atlantal ligament

A

Holds dens against atlas and prevents anterior displacement of atlas on axis

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7
Q

Function of alar ligament

A

Prevent distraction of occiput on atlas and limit SB

Becomes tight in rotation

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8
Q

Attachments of transverse ligament

A

One side of atlas to the other

To occiput superiorly and to axis inferiorly

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9
Q

Attachments of alar ligaments

A

From side of dens to medial occipital condyles

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10
Q

Attachments of apical ligaments

A

Apex of dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum in occiput

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11
Q

Function of apical ligament

A

Aligns dens and keeps it straight up

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12
Q

Direction of cervical pedicles

A

Posterolateral

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13
Q

Direction of cervical lamaniae

A

Posteromedial

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14
Q

Cervical vertebral foramen

A

Triangular and largest because it houses all branches of spinal cord

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15
Q

Characteristics of cervical vertebral body

A

M/L larger than A/P

Uncinate process on superior body to give concave shape and stability

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16
Q

Direction of superior facet of cervical vertebrae

A

Superior and posterior

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17
Q

Direction of inferior facet of cervical vertebrae

A

Inferior and anterior

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18
Q

Angle of superior articular facet of cervical vertebrae

A

45 degrees between horizontal and vertical axis

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19
Q

Function of cervical spine

A

Stability of head on occiput and rest of cervical spine

House the spinal cord

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20
Q

Mobility of A/O joint

A

Primarily nodding
Roll and glide in opposite direction
SB and rotation in CL direction (limited)

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21
Q

Mobility of A/A joint

A

Primarily rotation

55% of rotation of c spine

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22
Q

Mobility of C2-C7

A

Lateral flexion, rotation, flexion

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23
Q

Limitations to mobility of C2-C7

A

Ligaments, annulus fibrosus, and facet orientation

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24
Q

Roll and glide of cervical spine (C2-C7) flexion and extension

A

Flexion - anterior rotation and ant/sup glide to open up joint
Extension - posterior rotation and post/inf glide to close joint

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25
Q

Most flex/ext of cervical spine occurs at what level

A

C5/C6

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26
Q

Protraction of cervical spine

A

Lower to mid c spine flexes as upper craniocervical spine extends

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27
Q

Retraction of cervical spine

A

Lower to mid c spine extends as upper craniocervical spine flexes

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28
Q

Characteristics of the body of the lumbar vertebrae

A

Transverse greater than AP and height

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29
Q

Supraspinous ligament ends at

A

L3 or L 4

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30
Q

Intertransverse ligament replaced by

A

Iliolumbar ligament

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31
Q

Characteristics of iliolumbar ligament

A

Transverse process to iliac crest
Primary function is to prevent anterior shear and resist movement of L5 on Si
Loaded more in flexion

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32
Q

Mobility of lumbar area limited by

A

Orientation of facets

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33
Q

Greatest amount of flexion in lumbar area

A

L5

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34
Q

Greatest amount of SB and rotation in lumbar area

A

L2-L3

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35
Q

Orientation of (anterior) facet of lumbar vertebrae

A

Frontal plane

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36
Q

Orientation of (posterior) facet of lumbar vertebrae

A

Sagittal plane - allows a lot of flex/ext

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37
Q

Coupled movements of lateral flexion/rotation in lumbar area

A

Lateral flex with CL rotation

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38
Q

Pattern of lumbar-pelvic rhythm as you FB

A

Lumbosacral flexion (flattening of lumbar spine) and then anterior tilt of pelvis

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39
Q

Pattern of lumbar-pelvic rhythm as you go from flex to ext

A

Posterior tilt then extension of spine (can assess hip extensor activity)

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40
Q

Function of lumbar vertebrae

A

Stability from body weight, ground rxn forces, and muscles

Support body weight

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41
Q

Amount of force going through bodies/facets for compression in lumbar area

A

80% through disc

20% through facet

42
Q

Shear in lumbar vertebrae resisted by

A

Facets and the amount of frontal plane movement

43
Q

Function of SI joint

A

WB joint that tries to distribute weight equally to LE
Transmits ground rxn forces up equally through vertebral body
Provides absorption to relieve stress on ring

44
Q

Most important ligament for SI stability

A

Interosseous SI ligament

45
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

Sacrum to ischial spine

Provides good inferior stability

46
Q

Ligaments of pubic symphysis

A

Superior and inferior Pelvic

Posterior pelvic

47
Q

Structures that resist nutation of sacrum

A

Sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, anterior SI, and interosseous ligament

48
Q

Structures that resist counternutation

A

Long post SI ligament and iliolumbar ligaments

49
Q

Characteristics of body of thoracic vertebra

A

Larger than cervical, smaller than thoracic
A/P and M/L about equal
Wedge shaped (Higher posteriorly)

50
Q

How many demifacets on thoracic vertebrae

51
Q

Orientation of pedicles of thoracic vertebrae

A

Almost purely posterior (not lateral because foramen not large)

52
Q

Orientation of articular processes and what motion does this allow?

A

Frontal Plane (mostly SB and rot)

53
Q

Upper thoracic spine movements

A

Moves like cervical spine

IL SB and rotation

54
Q

Lower thoracic spine movements

A

Moves like lumbar spoine

CL SB and rotation

55
Q

Limits to flexion in thoracic spine

A

PLL, ligamentum flavum, interspinous, capsule, and post disc

56
Q

Limits to extension in thoracic spine

A

SP, anterior disc, facets, ALL, abdominal muscles

57
Q

Limits to lateral flexion in thoracic spine

A

Rib cage and facets

58
Q

Limits to rotation in thoracic spine

59
Q

LOG of spine

A

Anterior to thoracic spine
Creates a flexion moment that is resisted by muscles and posterior structures
Greatest at peak of kyphosis (T7)

60
Q

Function of thorax

A

Attachment of muscles
Protection of viscera
Ventilation

61
Q

How many articulations are there for ribs on a thoracic vertebrae? Where are they?

A

4 on vertebral body

2 on transverse process

62
Q

Vertebrae that have articulations with just one rib

A

T1, T11, T12

63
Q

Radiate ligament attachments

A

Superior - to body above
Inferior - to body below
Intermediate - to IV disc

64
Q

Intra-articular ligament

A

From ridge of rib to IV disc

65
Q

Intra-articular ligament

A

From ridge of rib to IV disc

66
Q

Costovertebral joint is what kind of jont

67
Q

Costotransverse joint is what kind of joint

68
Q

Superior transverse ligament

A

Crest of rib below to tp of vertebrae above

Prevents too much elevation

69
Q

Costochondral joint at which ribs

70
Q

Pump handle movement m

A

Occurs in upper ribs

Increases AP diameter

71
Q

Bucket handle movement

A

Occurs in lower ribs

Ribs move laterally

72
Q

Bucket handle movement

A

Occurs in lower ribs

Ribs move laterally

73
Q

Curvature angle of cervical spine

74
Q

Curvature angle of thoracic spine

75
Q

Curvature angle of lumbar spine

76
Q

Pedicles transmit…

A

bending forces from spinous process to body

77
Q

Vertical trabecular systems resist

A

Compressive forces

78
Q

Oblique trabecular system resists

A

Oblique forces

79
Q

Function of intervertebral disk

A

Separate vertebral bodies to allow movement to occur
Transmits forces
Dissipates forces

80
Q

What kind of cartilage is in a young disc

A

Hyaline cartilage

81
Q

What kind of cartilage is in an older disc

A

Fibrocartilage

82
Q

What part of disc is innervated

A

Outer 1/3 to 1/2 of annulus

83
Q

What part of disc is innervated

A

Outer 1/3 to 1/2 of annulus

84
Q

Circulation of disc

A

Most by diffusion, small amount of circulation to end plate and annulus

85
Q

Where do most disc hernations occur

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1

86
Q

Characteristics of zygapophyseal joints

A

Synovial
Meniscoid structures that are part of capsule
Capsule resists flexion
Joints resist shear in lumbar area because of facets in frontal plane

87
Q

Facet joint orientation of cervical spine and associated movements

A

Triplanar

All motions

88
Q

Facet joint orientation of thoracic spine and associated movements

A

Frontal

Rotation and lateral flexion

89
Q

Facet joint orientation of lumbar spine and associated movements

A

Sagittal plane

Flexion/extension

90
Q

Facet joint orientation of lumbar spine and associated movements

A

Sagittal plane

Flexion/extension

91
Q

ALL is well developed in…

A

Lordotic areas (cervical and lumbar)

92
Q

Special characteristics of ligamentum flavum

A

Made of elastic fibers (yellow in nature)

Under constant tension(increases compression of disc and intradiscal pressure and prevents compression of spinal cord)

93
Q

Ligamentum flavum strongest in? Weakest in?

A

Lower thoracic

Mid cervical

94
Q

First ligaments injured with hyperflexion

A

Interspinous and supraspinous

95
Q

Characteristics of supraspinous ligament

A 
On top of SP 
Merge in lumbar area with Thorac. fascia 
Stops at L3 or L4 
Becomes ligamentum nuchae at C7 
Has mechanoreceptors to stabilize spine
96
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Takes place of supraspinal and interspinal ligaments

97
Q

Amount of mobility determined by…

A

Ratio of disc to body

98
Q

Direction of movement determined by…

A

Orientation of facets

99
Q

Extension of spine limited by

A 
ALL
Spinous process 
Ant. trunk muscles 
Ant. annulus 
Joint capsule
100
Q

Lateral flexion limited by

A

CL side of annulus, CL intertransverse ligament, and CL trunk muscles

101
Q

Axial compression resisted by

A

Disc
Vertebral bodies
Neural arches

102
Q

Axial rotation limited by

A

Annulus and facet joints

Movement Science 2 (3 decks)

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