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Movement Science 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acetabular dysplasia

A

Shallow acetabulum

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2
Q

Coxa profunda

A

Acetabulum excessively covers the femoral head

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3
Q

Center angle or Angle of Wilburg

A

Normal is greater than 25

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4
Q

Normal angle for acetabular anteversion

A

Normal is 20 degrees

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5
Q

Functions of labrum

A 
Deepens socket
Increases concavity 
Enhances joint stability 
Decreases force transmission 
Provides proprioceptive feedback
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6
Q

How does femoral head face

A

Medially, superiorly, and anteriorly

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7
Q

Angle of inclination (description and normal angle)

A

Through the femoral head and neck and the longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft. Normal is 125

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8
Q

Angle of torsion (description and normal angle)

A

transverse plane between the axis of the femoral neck and the axis of the femoral condyles. Normal is 10-20

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9
Q

Anteversion angles

A

Angle of anterior torsion is greater than 15 to 20 degrees

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10
Q

Retroversion angle

A

Angle of anterior torsion is less than 15 to 20 degrees

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11
Q

Maximal contact of hip joint

A

Flexion, abduction, and ER

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12
Q

What does superior and inferior gluteal arteries supply

A

Capsule proximally and medially

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13
Q

What does lateral circumflex artery supply

A

Capsule distally

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14
Q

What does the medial femoral circumflex artery supply

A

Femoral head

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15
Q

Ligamentum Teres

A

Intra-capsular but extrasynovial
Passes under transverse acetabular ligament
Functions as a conduit for blood supply to the femoral head

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16
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Limits medial and lateral roation
The inferior fibers abduct
The superior fibers adduct

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17
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

Limits lateral rotation in neutral

Resists hip abduction

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18
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

Limits medial rotation regardless of hip position

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19
Q

Close packed position of hip

A

hip extension, slight abduction, and medial rotation

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20
Q

Position of comfort of the hip

A

moderate flexion, slight abduction, and midrotation

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21
Q

Medial trabecular system resists

A

compressive forces passing through hip joint

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22
Q

Lateral trabecular system resists

A

bending from parallel forces of the HAT and ground reaction forces

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23
Q

Hip flexion ROM (knee bent and extended)

A

Knee bent - 120

Flexed - 90

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24
Q

Hip extension ROM

A

30

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25
Q

Hip abduction ROM

A

45

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26
Q

Hip adduction ROM

A

20-30

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27
Q

Hip IR/ER

A

45

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28
Q

Functional requirements for gait

A

Flexion - 30
Extension - 10
Abduction/Adduction - 5
Medial/Lateral Rotation - 5

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29
Q

Posterior pelvis tilt

A

Hip extension

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30
Q

Anterior pelvis tilt

A

Hip flexion

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31
Q

Elevate pelvis

A

Wt bearing leg is in abduction

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32
Q

Drop pelvis

A

Wt bearing leg is in adduction

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33
Q

If hip moves forward

A

Wt bearing IR

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34
Q

If hip moves backward

A

Wt bearing ER

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35
Q

Greatest MA for gluteus maximus

A

Neutral

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36
Q

Greatest MA for extension for gluteus maximus

A

70 degrees of hip flexion

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37
Q

Greatest MA for hamstrings

A

Increases up to 35 degrees of hip flexion and then starts to decrease

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38
Q

Optimal length tension for hamstrings

A

90 degrees hip flexion and 90 degrees knee flexion

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39
Q

Anterior tilt force couples

A

Erector spinae and iliopsoas

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40
Q

Posterior tilt force couples

A

Hip extensors and abdominal muscles

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41
Q

CAM impinegement

A

Originates from pistol grip deformity of femoral neck (neck fails to taper as femoral head merges laterally into femoral neck)

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42
Q

Pincer impingement

A

Greater coverage or overhang of acetabulum on femoral head due to excessive retroversion of acetabulum and coxa profunda

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43
Q

Physiological axis

A

Femoral and tibial longitudinal axes form an angles medially at the knee joint of 180 to 185

44
Q

Genu valgum (knock knees)

A

Medial tibiofemoral angles is greater than 185. Shifts compressive forces to lateral compartment

45
Q

Genu varum (bow-legs)

A

Medial tibiofemoral angles is greater than 175 or less. Shifts compressive forces to medial compartment

46
Q

Mechanical axis

A

From the center of the femoral head to the center of the talus

47
Q

Function of menisci

A

Distribute weight bearing forces
Reduce friction between tibia and femur
Serve as shock absorber
Relieve joint stress

48
Q

Overall function of knee ligaments

A

Excessive knee extension
Valgus and varus stresses of knee
A/P displacement of tibia beneath femur
Medial or lateral rotation of tibia beneath femur

49
Q

Function of MCL

A

Resist valgus
Resist lateral tibial translation
Support ACL in resisting anterior translation of tibia on femur

50
Q

Function of LCL

A

Resist varus

Resist lateral rotation of tibia on femur

51
Q

Function of ACL

A

Anterior translation of tibia on femur
Limits hyperextension
Limits medial/lat rotation
Limits valgus/varus

52
Q

Which muscles increase strain on ACL

A

Gastroc and quads

53
Q

Which muscles decrease strain on ACL

A

Hamstrings and soleus

54
Q

Posterolateral bundle of ACL

A

Taut in extension

55
Q

Anteromedial bundle of ACL

A

Taut in flexion

56
Q

Posteromedial bundle of PCL

A

Taut in full extension and again in deep knee flexion

57
Q

Anterolateral bundle of PCL

A

Taut in 80 to 90 degrees of flexion

58
Q

Function of PCL

A

Resist posterior translation of tibia on femur
Resist valgus/varus
Restrains and guides rotation of tibia

59
Q

Posterior capsular ligaments

A

Oblique popliteal
Posterior oblique
Arcuate

60
Q

Function of posterior capsular ligaments

A

Assist in checking hyperextension of knee

Check valgus/varus forces

61
Q

Location of suprapaterllar bursae

A

Between quads tendon and anterior femur

62
Q

Location of subpopliteal bursae

A

Between tendon of popliteus and lateral femoral condyle

63
Q

Location of gastrocnemius bursae

A

Between tendon of medial head of gastroc and medial femoral condyle

64
Q

Effects of removal of the meniscus

A

Contact area is decreased
Doubles the articular cartilage stress on the femur and multiplies the forces by six or seven times on the tibial plateau

65
Q

Attachments of lateral meniscus

A

ACL
PCL
Meniscofemoral
Popliteus

66
Q

Attachments of medial meniscus

A 
ACL 
PCL
MCL
Capsule
Semimembranosus
67
Q

Knee flexion range in gait

A

60 to 70 degrees

68
Q

Knee flexion range ascending stairs

A

80 degrees

69
Q

Knee flexion range sitting down

A

90 degrees

70
Q

Knee flexion during squatting

A

160

71
Q

Maximum axial rotation is available to at…

A

90 degrees

72
Q

Knee flexion is coupled with…..

A

Varus motion

73
Q

Knee extension is coupled with…

A

Valgus motion

74
Q

In non-weight bearing the tibia will rotate which way during the final degrees of knee extension

A

Laterally rotate

75
Q

In non-weight bearing the tibia will rotate which way during the beginning of knee flexion

A

Medially rotate

76
Q

In weight bearing the femur will rotate which way during the last 30 degrees of knee extension

A

Medially rotate

77
Q

In weight bearing the femur will rotate which way to unlock for knee flexion

A

Laterally rotate

78
Q

Parts of fibrous layer of knee

A

Extensor retinaculum
Medial and lateral patellofemoral
Medial and lateral patellomeniscal
Medial and lateral patellotibial

79
Q

Attachments of iliofemoral ligament

A

AIIS to intertrochanteric line

80
Q

Attachments of pubofemoral ligament

A

Pubic ramus to intertrochanteric fossa

81
Q

Location of ischiofemoral ligament

A

Posterior capsule ligament that attaches to posterior surface of acetabular labrum

82
Q

Origin and insertion of rectus femoris

A

AIIS and tibial tuberosity

83
Q

OI of sartorious

A

ASIS and upper medial aspect of tibia

84
Q

OIA of TFL

A

Originates on anterolateral lip of iliac crest and inserts into lateral condyle of tibia as IT band
Main function is to maintain function in IT band with glute max

85
Q

OI of adductors

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis and inserts into linea aspera

86
Q

OI of gracilis

A

Symphysis pubis and pubic arch and inserts into medial surface of the shaft of the tibia

87
Q

OI of glute max

A

Posterior sacrum and small portion of ilium

Superior fibers insert into IT band and inferior fibers insert into gluteal tuberosity

88
Q

OI of glute med

A

Lateral surface of the wing of the ilium

Inserts into lateral and posterior superior portion of greater trochanter

89
Q

OI of glute min

A

Outer surface of ilium

Inserts on the anterior portion of greater trochanter

90
Q

OI of obturator internus

A

Inside of obturator foramen to greater trochanter

91
Q

OI for obturator externus

A

External surface of obturator foramen and inserts into medial aspect of greater trochanter

92
Q

OI of gemelli

A

Ischium to greater trochanter

93
Q

OI of quadratus femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity to posterior femur between greater and lesser trochanter

94
Q

OIA of piriformis

A

Anterior surface of sacrum to greater trochanter

Lateral rotator until hip is flexed to 90 then it becomes medial rotator

95
Q

Attachments of superficial MCL

A

Medial femoral epicondyle to medial aspect of proximal tibia distal to pes anserine

96
Q

Attachments of deep MCL

A

Inferior aspect of medial femoral condyle to proximal aspect of medial tibial plateau. Firmly attached to medial meniscus

97
Q

Attachments of LCL

A

Lateral femoral condyle to fibular head where it joins with tendon of biceps femoris

98
Q

Attachments of ACL

A

Lateral and anterior aspect of medial tibial plateau to posteromedial Aspect of lateral femoral condyle

99
Q

Most common injury position of ACL

A

Knee slightly flexed and tibia is rotated in weight bearing

100
Q

Attachments of PCL

A

Posterior tibial surface between the two horns of the menisci and insert into the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle

101
Q

What muscle resists posterior translation of tibia if PCL is absent

A

Soleus

102
Q

Attachments of meniscofemoral ligaments

A

Posterior horn of lateral meniscus and insert on the lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle
Anterior to PCL - Humphrey
Posterior to PCL - wrisberg

103
Q

Excessive knee Hyperextension

A

Genu recurvatum

104
Q

When is sartorious active in gait

A

Swing phase

105
Q

Primary function of the popliteus

A

Medial rotator of tibia on femur (unlocking the knee)

Movement Science 2 (3 decks)

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