Exam 3: 34 RNA Structure & Overview of Gene Expression Flashcards
- Which of the following strand of DNA is used as a template to direct primary transcript synthesis?
A) Leading strand
B) Lagging strand
C) Coding strand
D) Non-coding strand
D) Non-coding strand
The non-coding strand of DNA is used as a template to direct primary transcript synthesis.●
The sequence of the newly synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template strand.●
The DNA strand that has the same sequence as the RNA product (with T instead of U) is called the coding strand.●
The non-coding strand is also referred to as the template strand.●
The coding strand is also known as the non-template strand.
Therefore, the non-coding strand is used as a template to direct primary transcript synthesis.
The coding strand is also refer to as:
A) Template strand
B) Non-template strand
B) Non-template strand
The non-coding strand is also refer to as:
A) Template strand
B) Non-template strand
A) Template strand
Which of the following best describes RNase P?
A) an endonuclease that cleaves the 5’ ends of pre-tRNA
B) Targets specific mRNA, attaches itself, and cleaves
A) an endonuclease that cleaves the 5’ ends of pre-tRNA
Ribonuclease P (RNase P)
is a eukaryote and prokaryote endonuclease that cleaves the 5’-ends of precursor tRNAs (earliest example of ribozyme that cleaves RNA)
Which of the following best describes Hammerhead Ribozymes?
A) an endonuclease that cleaves the 5’ ends of pre-tRNA
B) Targets specific mRNA, attaches itself, and cleaves
B) Targets specific mRNA, attaches itself, and cleaves
Hammerhead ribozymes
consist of a conserved catalytic core that targets specific mRNA, attaches itself, and cleaves and forms loops
Cleave substrate RNA at NUH triplets 3’ to the H (N-any nucleotide, U- uracil, H any nucleotide but guanidine)
Which of the following descriptions best describes Spliceosomes?
A) Exons are joined by splicing and splicing occurs on large RNA-protein complexes called:
B) catalyzes peptide bond formation through an exergonic process within the large subunit called peptidyl transferase center
A) Exons are joined by splicing and splicing occurs on large RNA-protein complexes called:
Which of the following descriptions best describes Ribosomes?
A) Exons are joined by splicing and splicing occurs on large RNA-protein complexes called:
B) catalyzes peptide bond formation through an exergonic process within the large subunit called peptidyl transferase center
B) catalyzes peptide bond formation through an exergonic process within the large subunit called peptidyl transferase center
(Question from Discussion)
The central dogma of biochemistry is best described as:
A) RNA -> Protein -> DNA
B) RNA -> DNA -> Protein
C) Protein -> DNA -> RNA
D) DNA -> Protein -> RNA
E) DNA -> RNA -> Protein
E) DNA -> RNA -> Protein
(Lec 39 Review Slides)
Which of the following most accurately describes the relative abundance (by total mass) of RNA species inside cells?
a. mRNA<rRNA<tRNA
b. mRNA<tRNA<rRNA
c. rRNA<tRNA<mRNA
d. tRNA<mRNA<rRNA
e. tRNA<rRNA<mRNA
b. mRNA<tRNA<rRNA
True or False: Both of the following are advantages of having introns in eukaryotes:
- Multiple protein domains: structural and functional units of proteins
-Some new proteins have evolved by exon shuffling and/ or exon duplication
True
CLICKER:
Which of the following strands of DNA always has the same sequence (except T-U) as its corresponding primary transcript?
a. leading strand
b. Watson strand
c. Crick strand
d. template strand
e. coding strand
e. coding strand
The coding strand of DNA always has the same sequence (except for T-U) as its corresponding primary transcript.
The coding strand is the DNA strand that has the same sequence as the RNA product. The only difference is that RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
The template strand is the DNA strand that is used as a template to direct the synthesis of the primary transcript.
The sequence of the newly synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template strand, and therefore, it has the same sequence as the coding strand.
The coding strand is also known as the non-template strand and the plus strand (+).
The template strand is also known as the non-coding strand and the minus strand (-).
For example, if the coding strand of DNA has the sequence 5’-ATGC-3’, the primary transcript will have the sequence 5’-AUGC-3’.
CLICKER:
The insertion of one nucleotide in the coding sequence of a gene is most likely to lead to which of the following mutations?
a. frameshift mutation
b. missense mutation
c. nonsense mutation
d. silent mutation
e. transversion mutation
a. frameshift mutation
Frameshift mutations: involve the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, which cause very drastic changes in the protein sequence.
Point mutations: such as silent, nonsense, and missense mutations, may or may not affect protein sequence.
(Question from Discussion)
The -10 (TATAAT) and -35 (TTGACA) consensus sequences are located on which strand?
A. Template strand
B. Non-coding strand
C. Coding strand
D. Any of the above
C. Coding strand
Consensus sequence: A consensus sequence is a sequence of DNA, RNA, or protein that represents aligned, related sequences. The consensus sequence of the related sequences can be defined in different ways but is normally defined by the most common nucleotide(s) or amino acid residue(s) at each position.
Coding regions of Eukaryotic genes is called:
A) Introns
B) Exons
B) Exons
Noncoding regions of Eukaryotic genes is called:
A) Introns
B) Exons
A) Introns
