Exam 3 Flashcards
Nucleotide sequence that makes.... Beginning of transcription: End of transcription: Beginning of translation: End of translation:
Promoter
Terminator
AUD start codon
UAA, UAG, UGA Stop codon
!!!!!!!! 3 ways which pre-mRNA (primary transcript) is modified during RNA processing (post-transcriptional modification) in eukaryotes:
- 5’ cap
- 3’ poly A tail
- Intron removal
Genetic code is said to be ______ because multiple codons sometimes code for same amino acid to be incorporated into growing polypeptide.
Redundant
Genetic code is not ______ because a codon for only one type of amino acid to be incorporated into a growing polypeptide
Ambiguous
3 structures/molecules that pass through nuclear pores and indicate direction they move (in/out of cell)
- DNA, in cell
- ribosomes, out
- mRNA, out
The ______ is the region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled
Nucleoli
4 membrane-bound organelles of Eukaryotic cells:
- ER
- Golgi apparatus
- mitochondria
2 structures/organelles found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells:
- cell wall
- chloroplasts
_______ are molecules composed of oligosaccharides covalently bounded to a polypeptide
Glycoproteins
The major molecules that make up the cell wall of:
Bacteria
Plants
Fungi
Bacteria- peptidogylcan
Plants- cellulose
Fungi- chitin
A segment of RNA that isn’t represented by amino acids in polypeptide
intron
Bacteria carries out what processes?
DNA replication
Transcription
Translation
(NOT INTRON REMOVAL)
T or f.
Ligase is not involved in translation
T
a change in DNA nucleotide sequence that leads to translation terminating prematurely:
Nonsense
A change in DNA nucleotide sequence that leads to incorrect amino acid into polypeptide:
Misense
What mutations lead to a shift in reading frame during translation?
Nucleotide deletion
Nucleotide insertion
!!!!! What forms when ultra violet radiation is exposed?
Thymine diners
!!!!!!! ______is a repair mechanism that occurs after DNA replication is complete
Nucleotide excision repair
- proofreading
- mismatch repair
- intron removal
Conversion of 40 micrometers:
0.04 mm
What proteins begin translation on a free ribosome?
Cytoplasmic proteins, secretary proteins, and membrane-bound proteins
Which proteins contain a signal protein?
Secretory proteins
Membrane bound proteins
What protein is fully translated by free ribosomes?
Cytoplasmic proteins
What organelle has hydrolytic enzymes and an internal pH of 5?
Lysosomes
!!!!!! What organelle pinches off ER membrane and doesn’t need to go through golgi?
Peroxisomes
What organelle functions in autophagy?
Lysosomes
