Exam 2

Question 0

!!!!! Definitions
Reactions covalently link monomers together to form polymers are called _______, where as reactions that break polymers into monomers are _____ reactions.

Answer 0

Dehydration

Hydrolysis

Question 1

Functional groups:
NH2
PO4
CH3

Answer 1

NH2 amino group
PO4 phosphate group
CH3 methyl group (non polar)

Question 2

!!!!!! 2 storage polysaccharides

Answer 2

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose
(All polymers of glucose)

Question 3

3 general classes of lipids:

Answer 3

• triglycerides
• phospholipids
• steroid lipids

Question 4

3 functions of proteins:

Answer 4

• energy storage
• structure
• generate movement (motor proteins)

Question 5

!!!!! 2 types of bonds/attractions that hold side chains

(R groups) of amino acids together to contribute to tertiary structure of polypeptide:

Answer 5

• hydrogen bonds

- disulfide bridges

Question 6

3 components of a nucleotide of a DNA:

Answer 6

• 5-carbon sugar (pentose)
• nitrogenous base
• phosphate group

Question 7

Names of the monomers that make up these polymers:
nucleic acids
Polypeptides
Polysaccharides

Answer 7

Nucleotides
Amino acids
Monosaccharide

Question 8

2 ways nucleotide in DNA differs from nucleotide in a RNA

Answer 8

• sugar present

- uracil and thymine

Question 9

Functional groups on 2 ends of polynucleotide

chain

Answer 9

Hydroxyll 3’

Phosphate 5’

Question 10

!!!! DNA polymerase I

Answer 10

Removes nucleotides from RNA primer.

Question 11

!!! Topoisomerase

Answer 11

Prevents over winding

Question 12

!!!!! DNA polymerase II

Answer 12

Adds nucleotides to leading strand of DNA

Question 13

!!!! Okazaki fragment

Answer 13

Has a primer and segment of DNA on lagging strand of DNA

Question 14

!!!!! Ligase

Answer 14

Makes final phosphodiester bond between 2 Okazaki fragments

Question 15

!!!!! Primase

Answer 15

Lays down short sequence of RNA nucleotides before DNA Polymerase III can begin replication

Question 16

!!!! Helicase

Answer 16

Breaks hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases at replication fork

Question 17

!!!!! Origin

Answer 17

Sequence of DNA nucleotides where replication begins

Question 18

!!!!!! Single-stranded binding proteins

Answer 18

Binds to nucleotide chains of DNA and prevents reformation of hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases.

Question 19

!!!!!! Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 19

Holds together adjacent nucleotides within a polynucleotide chain

Question 20

!!!!!!Who found that DNA replicates semiconservatively?

Answer 20

Meselson and Stahl

Question 21

!!!!! Who published the 3-dimensional structure of DNA?

Answer 21

Watson and crick

Question 22

!!!!! Who found that DNA was the genetic material of T2 phage?

Answer 22

Hershey and chase

Question 23

!!!!! Who found that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine, in any sample of DNA?

Answer 23

Chargoff

Question 24

!!!!! Who found that DNA transferred avirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria?

Answer 24

Avery, Macleod, and McCarty

Question 25

!!!!! Who found x-Ray diffraction indicated DNA was double stranded and uniform width?

Answer 25

Franklin

Question 26

!!!!! Who found that rough streptococcus picked up something from dead smooth streptococcus that transformed them into the smooth type?

Answer 26

Griffith

Question 27

Disaccharides:

Answer 27

Sucrose Lactose Maltose

Question 28

Monosaccharide

Answer 28

Ribose

Question 29

Hydrogen bonds along N-C-C backbone of polypeptide is important for what protein structure?

Answer 29

Secondary

Question 30

What functional group isn't attached to central carbon of an amino acid?

Answer 30

Phosphate group

Question 31

Side chains (R groups) of polypeptide are important for what level of protein structure?

Answer 31

Tertiary

Question 32

Protein denaturing involves:

Answer 32

Breaking hydrogen bonds along N-C-C backbone.

Question 33

Functional groups on ends of polypeptide chain

Answer 33

Amino | Carboxyl

Question 34

DNA complimentary hydrogen bonding occurs between:

Answer 34

One pyrimidine | One purine

Question 35

!!!!!! What bond holds amino acids together in a polypeptide?

Answer 35

Peptide bond

Question 36

What bond holds monosaccharides together in a polysaccharide?

Answer 36

Glycosidic linkage

Question 37

What bond holds complimentary bases together in a DNA molecule?

Answer 37

Hydrogen bond

Question 38

!!!!!! Triglycerides

Answer 38

Formed by bonding glycerol (3C molecule with hydroxyl group to each C) to 3 fatty acids

Question 39

!!!!!! Primary structure level

Answer 39

Amino acid sequence from beginning to end. | -carry info for production of polypeptides with specific amino acid sequences

Question 40

!!!! Secondary structure

Answer 40

Folding structure. | Causes protein to fold more compactly and in any shape.

Question 41

!!!! Tertiary structure

Answer 41

Side chains of amino acids interact and polypeptide folds and refolds ----> 3D

Question 42

!!!! Quaternary structure

Answer 42

2+ polypeptide chains that assembles with tertiary structure.

Question 43

!!!! Factors that influence protein structure

Answer 43

H bonds | Ionic bonds