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MCB final Exam > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

!!!!! Definitions
Reactions covalently link monomers together to form polymers are called _______, where as reactions that break polymers into monomers are _____ reactions.

A

Dehydration

Hydrolysis

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1
Q

Functional groups:
NH2
PO4
CH3

A

NH2 amino group
PO4 phosphate group
CH3 methyl group (non polar)

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2
Q

!!!!!! 2 storage polysaccharides

A

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose
(All polymers of glucose)

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3
Q

3 general classes of lipids:

A
  • triglycerides
  • phospholipids
  • steroid lipids
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4
Q

3 functions of proteins:

A
  • energy storage
  • structure
  • generate movement (motor proteins)
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5
Q

!!!!! 2 types of bonds/attractions that hold side chains

(R groups) of amino acids together to contribute to tertiary structure of polypeptide:

A
  • hydrogen bonds

- disulfide bridges

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6
Q

3 components of a nucleotide of a DNA:

A
  • 5-carbon sugar (pentose)
  • nitrogenous base
  • phosphate group
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7
Q

Names of the monomers that make up these polymers:
nucleic acids
Polypeptides
Polysaccharides

A

Nucleotides
Amino acids
Monosaccharide

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8
Q

2 ways nucleotide in DNA differs from nucleotide in a RNA

A
  • sugar present

- uracil and thymine

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9
Q

Functional groups on 2 ends of polynucleotide

chain

A

Hydroxyll 3’

Phosphate 5’

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10
Q

!!!! DNA polymerase I

A

Removes nucleotides from RNA primer.

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11
Q

!!! Topoisomerase

A

Prevents over winding

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12
Q

!!!!! DNA polymerase II

A

Adds nucleotides to leading strand of DNA

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13
Q

!!!! Okazaki fragment

A

Has a primer and segment of DNA on lagging strand of DNA

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14
Q

!!!!! Ligase

A

Makes final phosphodiester bond between 2 Okazaki fragments

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15
Q

!!!!! Primase

A

Lays down short sequence of RNA nucleotides before DNA Polymerase III can begin replication

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16
Q

!!!! Helicase

A

Breaks hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases at replication fork

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17
Q

!!!!! Origin

A

Sequence of DNA nucleotides where replication begins

18
Q

!!!!!! Single-stranded binding proteins

A

Binds to nucleotide chains of DNA and prevents reformation of hydrogen bonds between complimentary bases.

19
Q

!!!!!! Phosphodiester bonds

A

Holds together adjacent nucleotides within a polynucleotide chain

20
Q

!!!!!!Who found that DNA replicates semiconservatively?

A

Meselson and Stahl

21
Q

!!!!! Who published the 3-dimensional structure of DNA?

A

Watson and crick

22
Q

!!!!! Who found that DNA was the genetic material of T2 phage?

A

Hershey and chase

23
Q

!!!!! Who found that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine, in any sample of DNA?

24
Q

!!!!! Who found that DNA transferred avirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria?

A

Avery, Macleod, and McCarty

25
Q

!!!!! Who found x-Ray diffraction indicated DNA was double stranded and uniform width?

26
Q

!!!!! Who found that rough streptococcus picked up something from dead smooth streptococcus that transformed them into the smooth type?

27
Q

Disaccharides:

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

28
Q

Monosaccharide

29
Q

Hydrogen bonds along N-C-C backbone of polypeptide is important for what protein structure?

30
Q

What functional group isn’t attached to central carbon of an amino acid?

A

Phosphate group

31
Q

Side chains (R groups) of polypeptide are important for what level of protein structure?

32
Q

Protein denaturing involves:

A

Breaking hydrogen bonds along N-C-C backbone.

33
Q

Functional groups on ends of polypeptide chain

A

Amino

Carboxyl

34
Q

DNA complimentary hydrogen bonding occurs between:

A

One pyrimidine

One purine

35
Q

!!!!!! What bond holds amino acids together in a polypeptide?

A

Peptide bond

36
Q

What bond holds monosaccharides together in a polysaccharide?

A

Glycosidic linkage

37
Q

What bond holds complimentary bases together in a DNA molecule?

A

Hydrogen bond

38
Q

!!!!!! Triglycerides

A

Formed by bonding glycerol (3C molecule with hydroxyl group to each C) to 3 fatty acids

39
Q

!!!!!! Primary structure level

A

Amino acid sequence from beginning to end.

-carry info for production of polypeptides with specific amino acid sequences

40
Q

!!!! Secondary structure

A

Folding structure.

Causes protein to fold more compactly and in any shape.

41
Q

!!!! Tertiary structure

A

Side chains of amino acids interact and polypeptide folds and refolds —-> 3D

42
Q

!!!! Quaternary structure

A

2+ polypeptide chains that assembles with tertiary structure.

43
Q

!!!! Factors that influence protein structure

A

H bonds

Ionic bonds

MCB final Exam (4 decks)

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