Exam 3

Question 1

Functions of the Kidney

Answer 1

Regulation of blood ion composition
Regulation of blood pH
Regulate blood volume
Regulate blood pressure
Maintain blood osmolarity
Produce hormone
Regulation of blood glucose level
Excretion of wastes and foreign substances

Question 2

How does the kidney regulate blood pressure?

Answer 2

Secret renin (enzyme), activates renin-angiotension-aldosterone pathway

Causes increase in blood pressure

Question 3

What hormones does the kidney produce?

Answer 3

Calcitrol (Active form of vitamin D)-regulates calcium homeostasis

Erythropoetin

Question 4

how does the kidney regulate blood glucose level?

Answer 4

Use amino acid glutamine in gluconeogenesis

new glucose molecules

Question 5

Excretion of waste and foreign substances

Answer 5

ammonia, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, uric acid, drugs, environmental toxins, plasma free hgb

Question 6

What composes the urinary system?

Answer 6

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder

Question 7

The kidneys are partially protected by what ribs?

Answer 7

11th and 12th pairs of ribs

Question 8

Which kidney is lower than the other?

Answer 8

Right kidney is lower than the left kidney (due to position of the liver)

Question 9

Kidney dimensions

Answer 9

10-12cm long, 5-7cm wide, 3 cm thick

Weighs 135-150 grams

Question 10

What is in the renal hilum?

Answer 10

ureter
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
nerves

Question 11

3 Layers of External Kidney Anatomy

Answer 11

Renal Capsule
Adipose Capsule
Renal Fascia

Question 12

Renal Capsule (External Kidney)

Answer 12

Deepest Layer
Smooth, transparent connection tissue
continuous with the outer cover of the ureter
provides barrier against trauma and helps maintain shape

Question 13

Adipose Capsule (External Kidney)

Answer 13

Middle layer
fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule
protects kidney and holds in place

Question 14

Renal Fascia (External Kidney)

Answer 14

Dense irregular connective tissue

anchors kidney to abdominal wall and surrounding structures

Question 15

2 Internal Kidney Regions

Answer 15

Renal Cortex

Renal Medulla

Question 16

Renal Cortex (Internal)

Answer 16

Superficial

Light red area

Question 17

Renal Medulla (Internal)

Answer 17

Comprised of several cone shaped Renal Pyramids

-Wider end (base) of the pyramids faces renal cortex, Apex aka Renal papilla faces renal hilum

Question 18

Renal Lobe

Answer 18

Renal pyramid, plus 1/2 of the adjacent renal columns

Question 19

Parenchyma

Answer 19

Renal cortex and renal pyramids of renal medulla

Question 20

Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 20

nephron

Question 21

How many nephrons per kidney?

Answer 21

1 million

Question 22

What percent of the total body mass is the kidney?

Answer 22

Less than 0.5%

Question 23

How much cardiac output does the kidney receive?

Answer 23

20-25%

Question 24

What does the renal artery divide into?

Answer 24

Segmental Arteries (supply a segment of the kidney?

Question 25

What do segmental arteries divide into?

Answer 25

Interlobar arteries (enter parenchyma and pass through renal columns between renal pyramids)

Question 26

At the base of the pyramids ___________ arteries arch between the renal medulla and renal cortex? And what are these called?

Answer 26

Interlobal arteries; call arcuate arteries

Question 27

How many afferent arterioles does each nephron receive?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

Glomerulus

Answer 28

tangled ball-shaped capillary network divided from nephron

Question 29

Renal Corpuscle

Answer 29

where plasma is filtered

Question 30

Renal Tubule

Answer 30

where filtered fluid is passed into

Question 31

2 parts of the functional unit of the kidney

Answer 31

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule