Exam 3 Flashcards
Functions of the Kidney
Regulation of blood ion composition Regulation of blood pH Regulate blood volume Regulate blood pressure Maintain blood osmolarity Produce hormone Regulation of blood glucose level Excretion of wastes and foreign substances
How does the kidney regulate blood pressure?
Secret renin (enzyme), activates renin-angiotension-aldosterone pathway
Causes increase in blood pressure
What hormones does the kidney produce?
Calcitrol (Active form of vitamin D)-regulates calcium homeostasis
Erythropoetin
how does the kidney regulate blood glucose level?
Use amino acid glutamine in gluconeogenesis
new glucose molecules
Excretion of waste and foreign substances
ammonia, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, uric acid, drugs, environmental toxins, plasma free hgb
What composes the urinary system?
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
The kidneys are partially protected by what ribs?
11th and 12th pairs of ribs
Which kidney is lower than the other?
Right kidney is lower than the left kidney (due to position of the liver)
Kidney dimensions
10-12cm long, 5-7cm wide, 3 cm thick
Weighs 135-150 grams
What is in the renal hilum?
ureter
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
nerves
3 Layers of External Kidney Anatomy
Renal Capsule
Adipose Capsule
Renal Fascia
Renal Capsule (External Kidney)
Deepest Layer
Smooth, transparent connection tissue
continuous with the outer cover of the ureter
provides barrier against trauma and helps maintain shape
Adipose Capsule (External Kidney)
Middle layer
fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule
protects kidney and holds in place
Renal Fascia (External Kidney)
Dense irregular connective tissue
anchors kidney to abdominal wall and surrounding structures
2 Internal Kidney Regions
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Cortex (Internal)
Superficial
Light red area
Renal Medulla (Internal)
Comprised of several cone shaped Renal Pyramids
-Wider end (base) of the pyramids faces renal cortex, Apex aka Renal papilla faces renal hilum
Renal Lobe
Renal pyramid, plus 1/2 of the adjacent renal columns
Parenchyma
Renal cortex and renal pyramids of renal medulla
Functional unit of the kidney
nephron
How many nephrons per kidney?
1 million
What percent of the total body mass is the kidney?
Less than 0.5%
How much cardiac output does the kidney receive?
20-25%
What does the renal artery divide into?
Segmental Arteries (supply a segment of the kidney?
What do segmental arteries divide into?
Interlobar arteries (enter parenchyma and pass through renal columns between renal pyramids)
At the base of the pyramids ___________ arteries arch between the renal medulla and renal cortex? And what are these called?
Interlobal arteries; call arcuate arteries
How many afferent arterioles does each nephron receive?
1
Glomerulus
tangled ball-shaped capillary network divided from nephron
Renal Corpuscle
where plasma is filtered
Renal Tubule
where filtered fluid is passed into
2 parts of the functional unit of the kidney
Renal Corpuscle
Renal Tubule
