Anatomical Terms & Thorax Flashcards
Head
Cephalic
Skull
Cranial
Face
Facial
Forehead
Frontal
Temple
Temporal
Eye
Orbital/Occular
Cheek
Buccal
Nose
Nasal
Mouth
Oral
Chin
Mental
Neck
Cervical
Thigh
Femoral
Anterior surface of knee
Petellar
Leg
Crural
Foot
Pedal
Ankle
Tarsal
Toes
Digital/Phalangeal
Top of foot
Dorsum
Chest
Thoracic
Breastbone
Sternal
Breast
Mammary
Abdomen
Abdominal
Navel/Umbilicus
Umbilical
Hip
Coxal
Pelvis
Pelvic
Groin
Inguinal
Armpit/Axilla
Axillary
Arm
Brachial
Front of elbow
Antecubital
Wrist
Carpal
Palm
Palmar/Volar
Fingers
Digital/Phalangeal
Base of skull
Occipital
Shoulder
Acromial
Shoulder Blade
Scapular
Spinal Column
Vertebral
Back of elbow
Olecranal or Cubital
Between Hips
Sacral
Tailbone
Coccygeal
Buttocks
Gluteal
Hollow behind knee
Popliteal
Calf
Sural
Sole
Plantar
Heel
Calcaneal
Meaning of “Sagitt”
arrow
Meaning of “Para”
Near
Protective Tissue Surrounding Brain (3 layers)
Meninges
Mediastinum
Central thoracic cavity, between lungs, sternum to vertebral column; first rib to diaphragm; contains all thoracic organs except lungs
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle; separates thoracic cavity from the abdminopelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Diaphragm to groin; 2 “sub”-categories: Abdominal cavity (superior)- stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestines, most of large intestine Pelvic cavity (inferior)- urinary bladder, portion of large intestine, internal organs, reproductive system
Viscera
associated with “organ;” organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Serous Membrane
slippery, double layered membrane that covers the viscera wtihin the thoracic and abdominal cavities; lines walls of thorax and abdomen Composed of: Parietal layer, Visceral layer, serous fluid
Parietal Layer
Serous membrane layer; thin epithelium that lines the walls of the cavities
Visceral Layer
Serous membrane layer, “organ,” thin epithelium that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities
Serous Fluid
Serous membrane layer, lubricating fluid between the 2 layers; reduces frictions; allows viscera to slide with movement (i.e. Lung inflation and deflation)
Pleura
Serous membrane of the pleural cavities Visceral Pleura- clings to surface of the lungs Parietal Pleura- anterior lines chest wall; covers surface of the diaphragm Pleural cavity- serous fluid; between visceral and parietal pleura
Pericardium
Serious membranes of the pericardial cavity Visceral Pericardium- covers surface of heart Parietal Pericardium- lines chest wall Pericardial cavity- serous fluid between two above layers
Peritoneum
Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity Visceral Peritoneum- covers abdominal viscera Parietal Peritoneum- Lines the abdominal wall; covers the inferior surface on the diaphragm Peritoneal Cavity- Houses “most” of the abdominal organs
Retroperitoneal Cavity
Between the parietal peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall Ex. KIDNEYS; adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of small intestine, ascending and descending colons of large intestine, PORTIONS OF ABD AORTA, inferior vena cava (IVC)
Abdominopelvic Region Divisions
2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines Top line- Subcostal line; below rib cage across inferior portion of the stomach Bottom line- Transtubercular line; inferior to top of hip bones R and L Midclavian Lines- through midpoint of clavical, medial to the nipples
Abdominopelvic Region Names
See image.
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Lines drawn midsaggital line and transverse (transumbilical) line; both pass through umbilicus
Proximal Anastomosis site for a CABG is on what vessel?
Aorta
Region Names
Head, Neck, Trunk, Upper Limbs, Lower Limbs
How are femoral artery and vein located relative to each other?
Femoral artery is LATERAL to femoral vein
Thorax Components
Thoracic Vertebrae (Posterior)
Ribs (Lateral)
Sternum (Anterior)
Costal Cartilage (Anterior)
Manubrium
Contains jugular notch at T2 level, Sternoclavicular join on each side of notch/only attachment between upper limb and axial skeleton
Sternal Angle
Junction between manubrium and sternal body; can be palpated, 2nd rib articulates here; can feel a depression
Marks: Start and end of aortic arch; tracheal bifurcation into right and left primary bronchi; azygos vein courses over R primary bronchus to SVC; used as a reference for partial sternotomy
Sternal Body
Articulates with the 2nd through 7th costal cartilages, the manubrium, and the xiphoid process
Xiphoid Process
Shape varies; located at the T9 vertebrae level; articulates with sternal body; linea alba attaches here (connective tissue in the midline of the abdominal wall)
Thoracic Rib Cage
12 Thoracic Vertebrae
12 Pairs of Ribs
Ribs 1-7
True ribs- attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage
Ribs 8-12
Attach indirectly or not at all
8-10 attach indirectly; join each other with costal cartilage directly above it
Ribs 11-12
Floating ribs- have no anterior attachment; embedded in the muscle fo the lateral body wall
Costal Groove
Groove between the ridge of the internal surface of the rib and the inferior border
Internal Thoracic Artery (IMA/ITA)
Branch from subclavian artery; travels along internal surface of rib cage down lateral to the sternum; one on each side; use as a conduit for CABG procedures
Ectopia Cordis
Congenital defect of sternum where the heart is exposed externally
Pectus Excavatum
Inward funneling of the sternum; break sternum and reassemble it; replair it becuase it impinges upon function of the heart; now they can use a magnet
Flail Chest
Trauma resulting in multiple rib fractures. Chest wall moves freely and paradoxically with respiration
