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Adult Health I > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)

A

Determine the O2 status and the acid/base balance

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2
Q

Mixed Venous Blood Gases

A

uses a pulm artery catheter to get venous sample

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3
Q

Pursed-lip breathing

A

exhalation through mouth with lips pursed together to slow exhalation. Holds O2 longer allowing more time for gas exchange

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4
Q

Orthopnea

A

sleep sitting up; indicates mod to severe distress; seen with COPD/asthma; main cause is mucous

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5
Q

Splinting

A

pain d/t chest expansion, voluntary decrease in tidal volume d/t thoracic or abd incision

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6
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

reg, rapid, deep resp due to metabolic acidosis, increase in CO2 excretion

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7
Q

Abdominal paradox

A

inward movement of abdomen during inspiration

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8
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

normal; soft, low pitched, gentle rustling sounds hear over all portions of the lungs

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9
Q

Bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

medium pitched over mainstem bronchi

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10
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

loud, higher pitched along trachea

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11
Q

**Rhonchi

A

rumbling, snoring or rattling heard on expiration

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12
Q

Hemoptysis

A

blood tinged, streaked, or frank red blood

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13
Q

Pack year

A

multiply number of packs of cigarettes smoked every day by the number of years smoked
2 packs a day X 30 years = 60 pack year

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14
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

air volume of each breath (total)

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15
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

maximum volume that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

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16
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

maximum volume exhaled after a normal exhalation

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17
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

the maximum volume of air exhaled from a maximal inspiration

VC=TV+IRV+ERV

18
Q

Forced expiratory volume (FEV)

A

volume exhaled forcefully over time in seconds.

FEV1 - how much can be exhaled in 1 second

19
Q

Position the patient for Thoracentesis

A
  • sitting upright with the arms supported on an over bed table
  • Assist physician with sterile procedure
  • Monitor and document post procedure vital signs and breath sounds
20
Q

How to draw ABGs

A
  1. Arterial blood draw with a heparinized syringe (from artery)
  2. Hold pressure for 5 minutes
  3. Put on ice immediately
  4. Avoid changing oxygen therapy for 20 minutes prior to draw and until results come back
21
Q

trismus

A

inability to open mouth normally

22
Q

crackles

A

short low or high pitched heard at end of inspiration (in bases) fluid on lungs

23
Q

wheezes

A

high pitched musical sound caused by obstruction of airway & heard during expiration (give bronchodilator first)

24
Q

friction rubs

A

creaking or grating from inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing accompanied by discomfort (give anti-inflammatory)

25
Q

Chest x-ray

A

Posterior, anterior, or lateral. Can detect fluids, tumors, or foreign bodies w/ or w/o symptoms

26
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT)

A

can note fine tissue density not visible on CXR, may be with or without contrast

  • *W/ Contrast:
    • assess for allergies
    • lots of fluids after
    • liver function - BUN/creatinine
27
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

can detect pulmonary nodules, cancer, PE, pulmonary HTN, evaluate inflammatory activity

28
Q

Ventilation Perfusion (V/Q Scans)

A

IV radioisotope given to assess perfusion. Great for assessing for PE. Ventilation without perfusion suggests PE

29
Q

Pulmonary angiogram

A

inject dye and x-ray the vessels of the lungs; can be used to to diagnose PE

30
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

assess lung nodules for malignancy

31
Q

Pulmonary edema manifestations

A

severe respiratory distress, cyanosis, falling O2 sats, blood tinged sputum

32
Q

Pulmonary edema medical management

A

oxygen, diuretics, morphine, vasodilators, possible intubation

33
Q

Stroke volume (SV)

A

amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

34
Q

cardiac output (CO)

A

amount of blood pumped by ventricle in liters per minute

35
Q

preload

A

degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers at end of diastole

36
Q

contractility

A

ability of cardiac muscle to shorten in response to electrical impulse

37
Q

afterload

A

resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle

38
Q

ejection fraction

A

percent of end diastolic volume ejected with each heart beat

Norm - 50-70%

39
Q

depolarization

A

electrical activation of cell-caused by influx of Na into cell while K exits cell

40
Q

repolarization

A

return of cell to resting state-caused by re-entry of K into cell while Na exits

41
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

1 systolic BP + 2 diastolic BP/3

Need MAP at least 60 to perfuse organs

Adult Health I (3 decks)

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