Exam 3 Flashcards
Art Director is
The person who designs the physical look of a film.
Best Boy is
Lightening director’s (gaffers) assistant.
Blind Booking is
Forcing theater owners to reserve movies without previewing them.
Block Booking is
Forcing theater owners to show movies with unknown stars in order to get movies with established stars.
Cinematographer is
The director of photography.
Continuity Supervisor is
Film crew member in charge of making sure shots match up.
Executive Producer is
The person who finds the financing for a film and puts the package together.
Gaffer is
Lighting director
Independent Films are
Movies that are not made by one of the major studios.
Key Grip is
Member of film crew who sets up and moves cameras.
Kinetograph is
Early motion picture camera invented by Thomas Edison.
Kinetoscope is
Early motion picture projector invented by Thomas Edison.
Line Producer is
People who lead the actual day-to-day work of making a film.
Nickelodeons are
Small early movie theaters.
Peep Shows are
Amusement parlor boxes containing moving rolls of still pictures.
Pirating is
The illegal copying and selling of movies.
Trailers are
Brief previews of coming movies shown in theaters.
Analog Recording is
A recording technique in which representation of the sound wave is stored directly onto the recording medium.
Arranger is
A professional who adapts a song for specific singers and other musical elements.
Artist & Repertoire Executives are
Specialists in the music industry who discover and develop the groups and performers.
Compact Discs are
Plastic discs with digitally encoded music or speech read by lasers.
Gramophone is
Early playback device using a flat disc with lateral grooves cut on one side.
High-Fidelity Sound is
Recorded sound true to the original.
Hip-Hop is
The backing music for rap; also refers to the culture of rap.
Independent Label is
Any recording industry company not owned by one of the major labels.
Jukebox is
A coin-operated phonograph.
Lyricist is
A professional who specializes in writing the words of a song.
MP3 is
The name for compressed digital audio files that enable music to be downloaded from the Internet.
Phonograph is
Thomas Edison’s name for his first recording device. Originally a trademark, the name eventually became generic for all home record players.
Producer is
In the music industry, the person who oversees the making of a master recording.
Rap is
Music composed of rhymed speech over drumbeats.
Track is
A single recorded sound source, used in multitrack recording.
Tweeters are
Small speakers that reproduce high sounds.
Victrola is
Early hand-cranked record player introduced by the Victor Company.
Woofers are
Large speakers that reproduce low sounds.
Amplitude Modulation (AM) is
Radio transmission created by changing (modulating) the power (amplitude) of the carrier wave.
Audion is
A tube invented by Lee De Forest that was designed to pick up and amplify radio signals; also known as a vacuum tube.
Call Letters are
Broadcast station identifications assigned by the FCC.
Daypart is
Time divisions that radio or TV stations make in the day in order to schedule appropriate programming.
Digital Radio is
Signal transmissions by assigned numbers rather than analog waves.
Electromagnetic Spectrum is
The range of frequencies that can be used for transmitting radio waves with electricity.
Format is
Consistent programming formula with recognizable sound and personality.
Frequency Modulation (FM) is
Radio transmissions created by changing (modulating) the speed (frequency) at which sound waves are generated.
Morse Code is
Telegraph code of dots and dashes invented by Samuel Morse.
Network is
A group of interconnected broadcast stations that share programming and the parent company that supplies that programming.
Network Affiliate is
A local station that has a contractual relationship to show a network’s programming.
Owned and Operated Stations (O&Os) are
Broadcast stations possessed by and run by the network; they usually carry everything the network provides.
Payola is
A practice in which record companies paid radio station personnal to play certain records.
Sampling is
Measurements taken from a small percentage of the audience, chosen to represent the behavior of the entire audience; broadcast ratings are a form of sampling.
Spectrum Scarcity is
Limited nature of broadcast frequencies.
Top 40 is
Radio format in which the current 40 best-selling songs are played in rotation.
Transistor is
A durable, solid-state, miniature version of the large and fragile vacuum tubes used in early radios.
Wireless Telegraphy is
Name for early radio transmissions, before human voices could be carried on the airwaves.
Channel Allocation is
The placement of assigned spots on the electromagnetic spectrum to individual broadcast stations.
Community Antenna Television (CATV) is
The first cable television systems, designed to give viewers in hard-to-reach areas satisfactory reception from their nearest broadcast television stations.
High-Definittion Television (HDTV) is
Digital technology for transmitting television programs using more than double the standard number of scanning lines, creating a clearer, larger picture.
Importation is
In cable television, the bringing in of additional signals from distant stations.
Lines of Resolution is
Rows of pixels, or lighted dots, that make up a television picture image.
Must-Carry Rules are
FCC regulations that require cable systems to carry all local television stations within the system’s area of coverage.
Pixels are
The colored dots that make up a video image. Each pixel is a single unit of screen information.
Public Broadcasting System (PBS) is
Government-sponsored association of public television stations designed to facilitate the sharing of programs.
Rating is
The percentage of all homes equipped with radios or televisions that are tuned to a particular station at a particular time.
Share is
The percentage of homes in which the radio or television is in use and tuned to a particular station.
Sweeps Months are
Months in which local stations use the ratings to set their basic advertising rates for the next three-month period–currently, Nov., Feb., May, and July.
V-Chip is
An electronic device that can be set to recognize and block programs with a particular rating.
Videocassette Recorder (VCR) is
An improvement on the videotape recorder, it uses cassette tapes instead of reels.
Browser is
A software program that enables a user to move around the Internet.
Buffering is
Downloading and saving a video file at the same time it is being viewed.
Cookie is
Identification code placed on user’s computer by a web server; the message is then sent back to the server to identify the user each time the browser requests a page from the server.
E-Commerce is
The selling of goods and services online.
Hacker is
One who uses programming skills to gain illegal access to computer networks or files.
Hypertext Links are
Highlighted words and images within a web page that allow the user to move to another site by pointing and clicking a mouse button.
Packet Switching is
Sending digital messages in chinks through any open pathway, to be reassembled at their destination.
Phishing is
Sending fake e-mails to get victims to reveal sensitive information.
Portals are
Sites from which users begin their web surfing.
Protocols are
Software codes that enable one computer to communicate with another.
Spam is
Unsolicited e-mail messages.
Spyware is
Programs that track Internet users’ activities and report them back to advertisers.
Streaming is
Sending live video and audio over online applications.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is
An Internet address that connects the user to a website on a particular computer.
World Wide Web is
A simplified means of navigating the Internet based on hypertext links and graphical user interfaces.
Accreditation is
Certification by an industry association.
Attribution is
The act of providing the source for information that appears in news reports.
Canned News are
Press releases designed to be inserted into newspaper feature or editorial sections with no change.
Crisis Management is
Public relations activity used to repair a client’s public image following an emergency.
Exclusive is
A story granted to just one news outlet.
Freebies are
Anything given away by public relations practitioners to promote a favorable relationship with media gatekeepers.
Greenwashing is
The public relations practice of covering up environmental problems by associating a client with beneficial environmental actions.
Hype is
Dramatic publicity techniques.
Integrated Marketing is
Public relations and advertising working together.
Leaks are
Unauthorized disclosures to the press.
Lobbying is
Any attempt to influence the voting of legislators.
News Hook is
The angle or approach that makes information newsworthy.
Publicity Stunt is
Any action designed to create a human interest story; many are outlandish or outrageous.
Public Relations are
All the activities that maintain a beneficial relationship between an organization and its various publics.
Trial Balloons are
Leaks in which the source reveals that some action is being considered, in order to test public feeling about the action before going ahead with it.
Whitewashing is
The practice of using public relations messages to cover up problems without correcting them.
Advocacy Ads are
Ads designed to affect public opinion or government policy.
Bait-and-Switch Advertising is
Techniques in which a seller provides bait in the form of an advertised bargain and a switch when the customer is talked into a more expensive product.
Circulation Waste is
That part of advertising received by people whom the advertiser has no interest in reaching.
Clutter is
The glut of ads that compete for the public’s attention.
Consumer Advertising is
Ads directed to the retail customer.
Corrective Ads are
Ads designed to rectify an inaccurate impression.
Counter-advertising is
Ads designed to fight an image that is not in the public interest.
Full-Service Agencies are
Ad agencies that supply all advertising and marketing services.
Guerrilla Advertising is
Advertising that uses unorthodox tactics.
Handbills are
Announcements on single sheets of paper.
In-House Agencies are
Organizations built into a corporate structure.
Positioning is
The process of finding specific customer types and creating advertising appeals for them.
Public Service Announcements (PSAs) are
Any message carried by a station, network, or cable provider, free of charge, for its informational service to the viewer.
Puffery is
Exaggeration in advertising claims.
Target Marketing is
The process of breaking up the advertising audience into diverse segments to reach those individuals most likely to purchase a particular product.
Trade Advertising is
Business-to-business promotions.
