Exam 3

Question 1

Bystander Effect

Answer 1

The presence of others causes people to help less

Question 2

Abduction Video

Answer 2

Most people just walked by and did not help

Question 3

5 Steps to helping in an emergency

Answer 3

1. Notice the event
2. Interpret the vent as an emergency
3. Assume responsibility
4. Know appropriate form of assistance
5. Implement decision

Question 4

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 4

When people think everyone around them is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when they are not

Question 5

Scents and Sensibilities

Answer 5

Pleasant scent = improved mood and likelihood of helping others

Question 6

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 6

Voluntary behavior intended to help other people

Question 7

List of Social Norms

Answer 7

1. Norm of reciprocity
2. Norm of equity
3. Norm of social responsibility
   Concerns about justice and fairness

Question 8

The Golden Rule

Answer 8

Do unto others as you would have them do to you (ethic of reciprocity)

Question 9

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 9

We aim to maximize rewards and minimize costs

Relief of bystander distress

Question 10

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Answer 10

When we feel empathy for someone we will help them out regardless of whether or not it benefits us (opposite of social exchange theory)

Question 11

Aggression

Answer 11

Behavior intended to hurt another

Question 12

Hostile Agression

Answer 12

Angry aggression aimed at inflicting pain on someone else

Question 13

Instrumental Agression

Answer 13

Agression Aimed at doing something other than causing pain

Question 14

Male vs. Female Aggression

Answer 14

Physical aggression vs. relational aggression (gossiping, rumors)

Question 15

Media Violence

Answer 15

Can serve as a model to influence aggression (TV, video games)

Question 16

Physiological Influences of Aggression

Answer 16

Pain and discomfort (humid room, nasty odors)

Question 17

Goal proximity (frustration)

Answer 17

Closer to goal = more frustration

Question 18

Unexpectedness (frustration)

Answer 18

Easier to become frustrated and aggressive when something unexpected occurs

Question 19

Deprivation leads to

Answer 19

Increased aggression

Question 20

Stereotype

Answer 20

Widely held beliefs about people in a certain group

Question 21

Prejudice

Answer 21

Hostile attitude toward people in a certain group

Question 22

Discrimination

Answer 22

Negative behavior directed at people in a certain group

Question 23

Illusory Correlations

Answer 23

Tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are only somewhat or not similar at all

Question 24

Stereotypes survive because of these 4 things…

Answer 24

• Attributional biases
• Sub-typing (feminist and women)
• Contrast Effect (when a behavior varies significantly from expectations, perceived difference is magnified)
• Confirmation Bias

Question 25

Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer 25

Hostility between groups is over limited resources

Question 26

The Contact Hypothesis has the following 4 conditions:

Answer 26

1) Equal Status
2) Personal Interaction
3) Cooperative Activities
4) Social Norms

Question 27

2 aspects of Ambivalent Sexism

Answer 27

1) Hostile Sexism (being a dick to women, they’re nothing compared to men)
2) Benevolent Sexism (being very chivalrous, thinking all women need protection)

Question 28

Misinformation Effect

Answer 28

Post-event misinformation becomes memory of event

Question 29

Jury Nullification

Answer 29

Jury deciding not guilty when they believe the defendant is guilty