Exam 3 Flashcards
Bystander Effect
The presence of others causes people to help less
Abduction Video
Most people just walked by and did not help
5 Steps to helping in an emergency
- Notice the event
- Interpret the vent as an emergency
- Assume responsibility
- Know appropriate form of assistance
- Implement decision
Pluralistic Ignorance
When people think everyone around them is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when they are not
Scents and Sensibilities
Pleasant scent = improved mood and likelihood of helping others
Prosocial Behavior
Voluntary behavior intended to help other people
List of Social Norms
- Norm of reciprocity
- Norm of equity
- Norm of social responsibility
Concerns about justice and fairness
The Golden Rule
Do unto others as you would have them do to you (ethic of reciprocity)
Social Exchange Theory
We aim to maximize rewards and minimize costs
Relief of bystander distress
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
When we feel empathy for someone we will help them out regardless of whether or not it benefits us (opposite of social exchange theory)
Aggression
Behavior intended to hurt another
Hostile Agression
Angry aggression aimed at inflicting pain on someone else
Instrumental Agression
Agression Aimed at doing something other than causing pain
Male vs. Female Aggression
Physical aggression vs. relational aggression (gossiping, rumors)
Media Violence
Can serve as a model to influence aggression (TV, video games)
Physiological Influences of Aggression
Pain and discomfort (humid room, nasty odors)
Goal proximity (frustration)
Closer to goal = more frustration
Unexpectedness (frustration)
Easier to become frustrated and aggressive when something unexpected occurs
Deprivation leads to
Increased aggression
Stereotype
Widely held beliefs about people in a certain group
Prejudice
Hostile attitude toward people in a certain group
Discrimination
Negative behavior directed at people in a certain group
Illusory Correlations
Tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are only somewhat or not similar at all
Stereotypes survive because of these 4 things…
- Attributional biases
- Sub-typing (feminist and women)
- Contrast Effect (when a behavior varies significantly from expectations, perceived difference is magnified)
- Confirmation Bias
Realistic Conflict Theory
Hostility between groups is over limited resources
The Contact Hypothesis has the following 4 conditions:
1) Equal Status
2) Personal Interaction
3) Cooperative Activities
4) Social Norms
2 aspects of Ambivalent Sexism
1) Hostile Sexism (being a dick to women, they’re nothing compared to men)
2) Benevolent Sexism (being very chivalrous, thinking all women need protection)
Misinformation Effect
Post-event misinformation becomes memory of event
Jury Nullification
Jury deciding not guilty when they believe the defendant is guilty
