Exam 3: 2 - Endodontic Microbiology

Question 1

2

What is required for pulp disease?

Question 2

2

What is required for pulpal infection?

Question 3

2

Where is bacteria usually confined to with endodontics?

Question 4

3

Who was the first to associate bacteria with pulpal disease?

Question 5

3

Who proved that bacteria are causes of pulpal and periapical disease?

Question 6

5

Why are normal host defense mechanisms absent in necrotic pulp?

Question 7

6

What two things cause apical lesions?

Question 8

6

What is done to eliminate infection from canal?

Question 9

6

What will take care of apical lesions?

Question 10

7

What are 5 routes of bacterial contamination?

Question 11

9

What is the main source of bacterial contamination of pulp tissue?

Question 12

9

How many dentinal tubules are there per square mm of dentin?

Question 13

9

What is the diameter range of dentinal tubules? What is the diameter of most bacteria?

Question 14

12

What are two examples of developmental defects that can allow access of bacteria to the pulp?

Question 15

13

What is the anachoresis theory that describes infection from one tooth to another?

Question 16

14

Is there one specific bacteria in endodontic infections?

Question 17

15

In caries, what is the bacteria seen on superficial layers?

Question 18

15

In caries, what type of bacteria is seen in the deepest layers?

Question 19

15

What bacteria is seen for root caries?

Question 20

16

What are two types of bacteria seen in polymicrobial infections?

Question 21

16

Are aerobes seen in polymicrobial endodontic infections?

Question 22

16

What does the predominance of strict anaerobes suggest?

Question 23

16

What is the relationship between disease severity and the number of strict anaerobes?

Question 24

18

What are the nutrients seen in the root canal?

Question 25

18

Does the root canal have high or low oxygen tension?

Question 26

19

The growth of some bacterial species is dependent on the __________.

Question 27

20

What is a biofilm? What is it composed of?

Question 28

21

What are two things that the biofilm protects microorganisms from?

Question 29

22

What aer the anaerobic organisms known as?

Question 30

22

What were black pigmented bacteria previously known as? What are they currently classified as?

Question 31

22

What is an accurate way used to detect and classify anaerobic organisms?

Question 32

23

What can Actinomyces israelli invade and cause?

Question 33

24

What is Enterococcus Faecalis associated with?

Question 34

24

Does Enterococcus Faecalis persist after root canal treatment?

Question 35

24

Is Enterococcus Faecalis resistant to some medications?

Question 36

24

Is Enterococcus Faecalis easy or difficult to eradicate?

Question 37

25

What is Prevotella Melaninogenica associated with?

Question 38

25

Prevotella Melaninogenica is involved with _______ in ________.

Question 39

26

What is the most common Black Pigmented Bacteria cultivated from endodontic infections?

Question 40

26

What is Porphyromonas Nigrescens responsible for?

Question 41

27

Periapical healing occured in ____% of cases with negative cultures at the time of obturation. Only ____% of healing occurred in cases that had positive cultures at the time of obturation.

Question 42

28

What is an example of a virus that can be found in the pulp?

Question 43

28

What is an example of a yeast that can be found in the pulp?

Question 44

28

Can spirochetes be found in the pulp? What type of patients are these bacteria more commonly seen in?

Question 45

30

What are sensitivity tests used for?

Question 46

30

What is the Gram stain used to determine?

Question 47

30

What lab test is needed for anaerobic bacteria?

Question 48

33

What are four situations where lab culture is needed?

Question 49

36

What is the chemical used for chemo-mechanical debridement of the pulp?

Question 50

36

What does canal obturation mean?

Question 51

38

Why are antibiotics not effective in destroying the reservoir of bacteria located in the root canal?

Question 52

39

Are antibiotics a substitute for treatment?

Question 53

39

Can endodontic infections be treated without the use of antibiotics?

Question 54

39

Is the use of ppropylactic antibiotics to prevent flare-ups justified?