Exam 3: 2 - Endodontic Microbiology Flashcards
2
What is required for pulp disease?
2
What is required for pulpal infection?
2
Where is bacteria usually confined to with endodontics?
3
Who was the first to associate bacteria with pulpal disease?
3
Who proved that bacteria are causes of pulpal and periapical disease?
5
Why are normal host defense mechanisms absent in necrotic pulp?
6
What two things cause apical lesions?
6
What is done to eliminate infection from canal?
6
What will take care of apical lesions?
7
What are 5 routes of bacterial contamination?
9
What is the main source of bacterial contamination of pulp tissue?
9
How many dentinal tubules are there per square mm of dentin?
9
What is the diameter range of dentinal tubules? What is the diameter of most bacteria?
12
What are two examples of developmental defects that can allow access of bacteria to the pulp?
13
What is the anachoresis theory that describes infection from one tooth to another?
14
Is there one specific bacteria in endodontic infections?
15
In caries, what is the bacteria seen on superficial layers?
15
In caries, what type of bacteria is seen in the deepest layers?
15
What bacteria is seen for root caries?
16
What are two types of bacteria seen in polymicrobial infections?
16
Are aerobes seen in polymicrobial endodontic infections?
16
What does the predominance of strict anaerobes suggest?
16
What is the relationship between disease severity and the number of strict anaerobes?
18
What are the nutrients seen in the root canal?
18
Does the root canal have high or low oxygen tension?
19
The growth of some bacterial species is dependent on the __________.
20
What is a biofilm? What is it composed of?
21
What are two things that the biofilm protects microorganisms from?
22
What aer the anaerobic organisms known as?
22
What were black pigmented bacteria previously known as? What are they currently classified as?
22
What is an accurate way used to detect and classify anaerobic organisms?
23
What can Actinomyces israelli invade and cause?
24
What is Enterococcus Faecalis associated with?
24
Does Enterococcus Faecalis persist after root canal treatment?
24
Is Enterococcus Faecalis resistant to some medications?
24
Is Enterococcus Faecalis easy or difficult to eradicate?
25
What is Prevotella Melaninogenica associated with?
25
Prevotella Melaninogenica is involved with _______ in ________.
26
What is the most common Black Pigmented Bacteria cultivated from endodontic infections?
26
What is Porphyromonas Nigrescens responsible for?
27
Periapical healing occured in ____% of cases with negative cultures at the time of obturation. Only ____% of healing occurred in cases that had positive cultures at the time of obturation.
28
What is an example of a virus that can be found in the pulp?
28
What is an example of a yeast that can be found in the pulp?
28
Can spirochetes be found in the pulp? What type of patients are these bacteria more commonly seen in?
30
What are sensitivity tests used for?
30
What is the Gram stain used to determine?
30
What lab test is needed for anaerobic bacteria?
33
What are four situations where lab culture is needed?
36
What is the chemical used for chemo-mechanical debridement of the pulp?
36
What does canal obturation mean?
38
Why are antibiotics not effective in destroying the reservoir of bacteria located in the root canal?
39
Are antibiotics a substitute for treatment?
39
Can endodontic infections be treated without the use of antibiotics?
39
Is the use of ppropylactic antibiotics to prevent flare-ups justified?
