Exam 3 Flashcards
Define ‘Calf’ in the dairy cattle industry.
A young male or female dairy animal.
What is a ‘Cow’ in the dairy cattle industry?
A mature female bovine bred for milk production.
Define ‘Heifer’.
A female dairy animal that has not yet given birth to a calf.
What is a ‘Dairy Steer’?
A castrated male dairy animal.
What are ‘Replacement Heifers’?
Female dairy animals raised to potentially replace cows in the milking herd.
Define ‘Dry Cow’.
A cow that is not lactating, typically during the period before freshening.
What is a ‘Fresh Cow’?
A cow that has recently given birth.
Define ‘Bull’ in the dairy industry.
An adult male dairy animal.
What does ‘Dam’ refer to?
The mother of a calf.
What is a ‘Sire’?
The father of a calf.
Name a major dairy breed from Scotland.
Ayrshire.
What is the average milk production of a Brown Swiss?
23,500 lbs - 3.98% fat.
Identify the origin of Guernsey cattle.
Guernsey Isle.
What is the average weight of a Holstein?
1,500 lbs.
Name the major dairy breed that is black and white.
Holstein.
What is the average milk production of a Jersey?
20,500 lbs - 4.90% fat.
List the top three dairy producing states.
- California
- Wisconsin
- Idaho
What is the largest cost associated with producing milk?
Feed.
What is the average annual net income per Michigan dairy cow?
- $350.00.
What is the average annual net return on investment for a Michigan dairy farm?
- 7%.
What does the ‘dry period’ signify in dairy cow biology?
Start of new lactation.
Fill in the blank: _______ has a great impact on the dairy industry.
Artificial insemination
What percentage of all dairy cows are bred by artificial insemination?
> 70%.
How often should a cow calve for economic reasons?
Every 13 months.
What is the primary management concern in dairy cow breeding?
Heat detection.
What are the types of diets for dairy cattle?
Roughage and concentrate diets.
Define ‘Bovine’.
Refers to the subfamily Bovinae (includes cattle, bison, buffalo, & kudu).
What is a ‘Bullock’?
Young bull or bull castrated after sexual maturity.
Define ‘Freemartin’.
Bovine female born twin to a bull (almost always infertile).
What is the average gestation period for a cow?
Approximately 283 days.
Which breed is known for being heat tolerant and maternal?
Bos Indicus.
Identify the leading country in cattle and buffalo numbers.
India.
What is the average litter size for sows?
8-16 pigs.
What are the four pillars of food security?
- Availability
- Access
- Utilization
- Stability
What percentage of U.S. households are food insecure?
13.5%.
What is a ‘Sow’?
A female pig that has had at least one litter of piglets.
Define ‘Parity’ in the context of swine.
The number of times a sow has farrowed.
Name the top hog producing state in the U.S.
Iowa.
What is the gestation length for sows?
114 days.
What is the average mature size of boars?
650+ lbs.
What is ‘Farrowing’?
The act of giving birth in pigs.
What is the average weight of market hogs?
~290 lbs.
What are the segments of the swine industry?
- Breeding
- Gestation
- Farrowing/Nursery
- Finishing
What is the average weight of a finished steer?
~1,450-1,550 lbs.
True or False: 80% of the world is developing.
True.
Fill in the blank: Animal products make up a significant portion of the global food _______.
chain.
What is the average size of sows?
~600 lbs.
