Exam 1 Flashcards
What contribution do horses and companion animals make to human society
Food, transportation, war, recreation, quality of life
Identify the first modern riding horses, where and by whom they were developed, and the benefits of the breed.
Arabians, Small horses near/middle east, developed by nomadic Bedouin people in desserts of Arabian peninsula, pulled chariots and hauled goods
How are equid currently used in developing countries?
agriculture, transportation, and household chores
Explain the trends of horse numbers in the US from 1911 forward.
With the popularity of cars, the population of horses in the US went down after WW1
1911 - 23 million horses
1946 - 8 million horses
1959 - 4.5 million
Are pets kept primarily in the US and Europe? What are some reasons for pet keeping?
No. Educational purposes, social and material needs.
What are some jobs that working dogs do to benefit society?
Leader dogs for the blind, therapy dogs, military (bomb sniffing), police and security (drug searches, search and rescue), herding (livestock)
Timeline of animal domestication
Dogs ~ 32,000-11,000 yrs ago
Sheep and goats ~ 10,000 yrs ago
Cats ~ 9,500 yrs ago
Hogs ~ 9,000 yrs ago
Cattle ~ 6,000 yrs ago
Donkey ~ 5,000 yrs ago
Horses ~ 4,000 - 5,000 yrs ago
Chicken ~ 4,000 yrs ago
When did humans become omnivorous? What does that mean
~2 million years ago, means we eat plants and animals
List the advantages or benefits of adding animal products to the diet
- Increased social interaction – organization that accompany hunts
- Drove improvement in communication & tools
- Increased nutrient density in diet (more salt)
Identify the genus and species of hogs, cattle, horses, and dogs, and the pros and cons of raising each to primitive societies
Hogs: Sus Scrofa; Seek bodily contact, not very social, somewhat easy to handle, omnivores
Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus; grazers, herd oriented, semi-domestic to begin with
Horses: speed and agility, able to work in concert with human
Dogs: Wolfs; curious and juvenile characteristics
From what type of bird did the modern-day chicken evolve?
Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus)
How can I get experience in poultry industry?
Internships, msu classes, poultry research, extensions.
Top 5 states in egg production (based on layer numbers)
- Iowa
- Ohio
- Indiana
- Pennsylvania
- Texas
How often do hens lay an egg, how many eggs per year?
Hens lay eggs every 24-36 hrs; 286 eggs per hen
What is a vertical integration system, why is it used?
when one company controls multiple stages of production, from breeding to distribution
used to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and improve product quality
Have a working understanding of how broilers are raised and how long they take to finish.
raised from day-old chicks to market weight within 5 to 7 weeks
Identify top 5 states in boiler production
- Georgia
- Alabama
- Arkansas
- North Carolina
- Mississippi
Identify top 5 states in turkey production
- Minnesota
- North carolina
- Arkansas
- Virgina
- Indiana
Have a general understanding of the turkey industry as described in lecture
70% of turkey is processed, uprise in whole birds around thanksgiving
What is the difference between aquaculture, fish hatcheries, and commercial fishing? How did each begin?
Aquaculture: Domesticated aquatic animals and plants.
Fish hatcheries: Help with breeding to support wild populations at early life stages.
Commercial fishing: Harvest of wild populations without intervention at other life stages.
How does modern aquaculture work in the US?
Marine invertebrates and seaweed, marine fish, and freshwater fish
What species are used here in modern aquaculture? Know the 3 different types and the species for each.
Marine invertebrates and seaweed: oysters, clams, mussels, shrimp, seaweeds
Marine fish: salmon, black sea bass, sablefish, yellowtail, pompano
Freshwater fish: catfish, trout, tilapia
What were some key fish in the great lakes before environmental degradation discussed in lecture?
Arctic grayling, lake trout, brook trout
Why aquaculture, fish hatcheries, and commercial fishing needed? What are some issues with each?
Aquaculture: 50% of the worlds seafood supply
Fish hatcheries: conservation issues, cultural importance, economic importance
Commercial fishing: economic impact and understanding of wild populations
Define biosecurity and why its important.
animal welfare, food safety, protection of investment, other economic issues
Know the temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate of all the species in the table shared in lecture.
Species, temp (F), heart rate, respiration rate
Beef: 100.4-103.1, 40-70, 10-30
Sheep and goat: 102.2-104.9, 60-90, 12-20
Swine: 100.4-104.0, 60-100, 8-18
Dairy: 100.4-103.1, 40-70, 18-28
Horse: 99.5-101.3, 28-40, 8-16
Have a working understanding of what can be done to improve the biosecurity of events and farms.
washing/disinfecting crates or equipment entering facility
Washing/disinfecting stalls, wash racks, etc.
Understand disease transmission
Monitoring animals after travel
Allowing only essential personnel to enter animal buildings
Foot baths/showing in and out
Pullet
Immature female chicken
Cockerel
Immature male
Capon
neutered male chicken
Poult
1 day and older turkey
Tom
adult male turkey
Drake
adult male duck
