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EDF3110 Human Growth & Development > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

When does emerging adulthood occur?

A

The transition from adolescence to adulthood; occurs from approx. 18 to 25 years of age

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2
Q

What are the key features associated with emerging adulthood?

A

o Identity exploration, especially in love and work
o Instability
o Self-focus
o Feeling in-between
o The age of possibilities, at a time when individuals have an opportunity to transform their lives

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3
Q

What is the top-dog phenomenon?

A

Moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful in elementary to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful in middle/junior high school

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4
Q

How does top-dog phenomenon apply to various ages and stages of life?

A

 Replays after high school and movement to a larger, more impersonal school structure
 Includes: interaction with people from diverse backgrounds; an increased focus on achievement and what “success” is defined as

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5
Q

Binge drinking

A

having five or more drinks in a row at least once in the last two weeks

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6
Q

Extreme binge drinking

A

having 10 to 15 or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks

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7
Q

Alcoholism

A

Long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive alcohol use impairing the user’s health and relationships

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8
Q

Pregaming

A

getting drunk before going out and socializing

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9
Q

What are SMART goals?

A

o Specific: Make goals clear and specific
o Measurable: Define measurable assets
o Attainable: Confirm your goals are attainable
o Relevant: Verify your goals are relevant
o Time-Based: Set up a time-based plan

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10
Q

What stage of Piaget’s cognitive development characterizes adults as well as adolescents?

A

Formal Operational: Theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking; abstract logic and reasoning; strategy and planning become possible; concepts learned in one context can be applied to another
 Planning for the future, problem solve for hypothetical situations

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11
Q

Describe Erikson’s intimacy versus isolation stage

A

o Intimacy: self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts
o Intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another person
o Failure to achieve intimacy results in social isolation

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12
Q

Secure attachment

A

adults who have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned or stressed out about their romantic relationships

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13
Q

Avoidant attachment

A

adults who are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship, tend to distance themselves from their partner

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14
Q

Anxious attachment

A

adults who demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous and possessive

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15
Q

Affectionate love

A

Companionate love: occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person

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16
Q

Consummate love

A

The ideal and complete form of love, characterized by the presence of passion, intimacy, and commitment

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17
Q

Describe Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of love

A

o Passion: physical and sexual attraction
o Intimacy: warmth, closeness, and sharing
o Commitment: intent to maintain the relationship even with problems

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18
Q

Who is Gottman?

A

A world-renowned therapist who is known for his work on marital stability and divorce prediction

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19
Q

Gottman’s magic ratio for couples

A

5 to 1: For every one negative feeling or interaction between partners, there must be five positive feelings or interactions

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20
Q

4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse

A

Criticism
Contempt
Defensiveness
Stonewalling

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21
Q

Criticism

A

Verbally attacking personality or character

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22
Q

Contempt

A

Attacking sense of self with an intent to insult or abuse

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23
Q

Defensiveness

A

Victimizing yourself to ward off a perceived attack and reverse the blame

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24
Q

Stonewalling

A

Withdrawing to avoid conflict and convey disapproval, distance, and separation

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25
Criticism antidote
Gentle start up — talk about your feelings using “I” statements and express a positive need
26
Contempt antidote
Build culture of appreciation — remind yourself of your partner’s positive qualities and find gratitude for positive actions
27
Defensiveness antidote
Take responsibility — accept your partner’s perspective and offer an apology for any wrongdoing
28
Stonewalling antidote
Physiological self-soothing — take a break and spend that time doing something soothing and distracting
29
Define middle adulthood
o The developmental period for adults ranging from approx.. 40 to 60 years of age o A time of declining physical skills and increasing responsibility; greater awareness of the shrinking amount of time left in life; seeking to transmit something meaningful to the next generation; reaching and maintaining career satisfaction
30
What are the visible signs of physical changes in middle adulthood?
o Skin wrinkles and sags o Age spots appear o Hair thins and grays o Nails thicken and become more brittle o Teeth yellow
31
What are chronic disorders?
Those characterized by a slow onset and a long duration
32
Crystallized intelligence
the accumulation of information and verbal skills; continues to increase in middle adulthood
33
Fluid intelligence
the ability to reason abstractly; may begin to decline in middle adulthood
34
What role can religion and spirituality play in middle adulthood?
o Provide individuals with a sense of purpose, meaning, and support during a period of life transitions and challenges o Help individuals cope with stress, maintain well-being, and foster a sense of community and connection
35
Describe Viktor Frankl’s perspective on the meaning of life
Having a sense of meaning can lead to clearer guidelines for living and motivation to care for oneself and reach goals
36
What are the 3 most distinct human qualities?
 Spirituality, freedom, and responsibility
37
Spirituality
Has to do with human being’s uniqueness of spirit, philosophy, and the mind
38
Describe Erikson’s Psychosocial stage of generativity versus stagnation
o Generativity: encompasses adults’ desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation o Stagnation: lack of ambition and purpose
39
What does the research state about a midlife crisis?
o In one-third of cases where individuals report experiencing a midlife crisis, it was triggered by life events such as job loss, financial problems, or illness o Exaggerated in media
40
Big 5 Personality Traits
Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
41
Openness
imagination, feelings, actions, ideas
42
Conscientiousness
Competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven
43
Extroversion
sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression
44
Agreeableness
Cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured
45
Neuroticism
tendency toward unstable emotions
46
High & low score in openness
 Low score: Practical, conventional, prefers routine  High score: Curious, wide range of interests, independent
47
High & low score in conscientiousness
 Low score: Impulsive, careless, disorganized  High score: Hardworking, dependable, organized
48
High & low score in extroversion
 Low score: Quiet, reserved, withdrawn  High score: Outgoing, warm, seeks adventure
49
High & low score in agreeableness
 Low score: Critical, uncooperative, suspicious  High score: Helpful, trusting, empathetic
50
High & low score in neuroticism
 Low score: Calm, even-tempered, secure  High score: Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative emotions
51
What is a “gray divorce”?
Divorce among couples age 50+
52
Life span
the maximum number of years an individual can live; approx. 120 to 125 years
53
Life expectancy
the number of years the average person born in a particular year will live  Improved with advances in medicine, nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle
54
What happens to the brain as we age (between ages 20 and 90 apx)
The brain loses 5- to 10% of its weight between ages 20 and 90  Shrinkage of neurons  Lower numbers of synapses  Reduced length and complexity of axons  Reduced treelike branching in dendrites
55
List 3-4 common chronic diseases and conditions that are common with late adulthood
o Heart conditions o Diabetes o Asthma o Arthritis
56
List the main causes of death in older adults
o Heart disease o Cancer
57
What is often seen as the “invisible epidemic” in the United States because it often goes undetected
Substance abuse among older adults
58
Episodic memory & example
retention of information about the where and when of life’s happenings Example: remembering the color of your bedroom walls when you were a child
59
Semantic memory & example
a person’s knowledge about the world (words, concepts, numbers) Example: the significance of important places
60
What is major depression disorder and how does it impact older adults?
o A mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, self-derogatory, and bored o Not more common among older adults, but more likely to be chronic and to increase the risk of suicidal ideation when it occurs
61
What is dementia
Global term for several neurological disorders involving irreversible decline in mental function severe enough to interfere with daily living
62
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
A progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical function
63
How does religion and spirituality meet some of the needs of older adults
o Helping them face impending death o Helping them find and maintain a sense of meaning in life o Helping them to accept the inevitable losses of old age
64
Describe Erikson’s theory of integrity versus despair
Involves reflecting on the past and either piecing together a positive review or concluding that one’s life has not been well spent
65
What is ageism?
A prejudice against others because of their age
66
1. Distinguish between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence, with an example of each. Explain how they change as we age.
a. Crystallized: the accumulation of information and verbal skills i. Example: Knowing the capital of France ii. Continues to increase in middle adulthood b. Fluid: the ability to reason abstractly i. Example: Solving a new puzzle for the first time ii. May begin to decline in middle adulthood
67
2. Describe the Big 5 Personality traits. Define each and include descriptions of someone with a low score and a high score.
a. Openness: imagination, feelings, actions, ideas i. Low score: Practical, conventional, prefers routine ii. High score: Curious, wide range of interests, independent b. Conscientiousness: competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven i. Low score: Impulsive, carless, disorganized ii. High score: Hardworking, dependable, organized c. Extroversion: sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression i. Low score: Quiet, reserved, withdrawn ii. High score: Outgoing, warm, seeks adventure d. Agreeableness: cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured i. Low score: Critical, uncooperative, suspicious ii. High score: Helpful, trusting, empathetic e. Neuroticism: tendency toward unstable emotions i. Low score: Calm, even-tempered, secure ii. High score: Anxious, unhappy, prone to negative emotions
68
3. List the physical changes that take place during middle adulthood.
a. Skin wrinkles and sags b. Age spots appear c. Hair thins and grays d. Nails thicken and become more brittle e. Teeth yellow
69
4. How do religion and spirituality meet some important psychological and social needs of middle and older adulthood?
a. Provide individuals with a sense of purpose, meaning, and support during a period of life transitions and challenges b. Help individuals cope with stress, maintain well-being, and foster a sense of community and connection
70
5. Describe Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of love.
a. Passion: physical and sexual attraction b. Intimacy: warmth, closeness, and sharing c. Commitment: intent to maintain the relationship even with problems
71
6. What are the 4 horsemen of the apocalypse? Define each and include the antidote to each.
a. Criticism: Verbally attacking personality or character i. Antidote: Gentle start up — talk about your feelings using “I” statements and express a positive need b. Contempt: Attacking sense of self with an intent to insult or abuse i. Antidote: Build culture of appreciation — remind yourself of your partner’s positive qualities and find gratitude for positive actions c. Defensiveness: Victimizing yourself to ward off a perceived attack and reverse the blame i. Antidote: Take responsibility — accept your partner’s perspective and offer an apology for any wrongdoing d. Stonewalling: Withdrawing to avoid conflict and convey disapproval, distance, and separation i. Antidote: Physiological self-soothing — take a break and spend that time doing something soothing and distracting
72
7. What can we learn from Blue Zone communities about how lifestyle choices impact the physical and cognitive health of people in late adulthood?
Daily movement boosts physical health and mobility Plant-based diets reduce risk of chronic illness Strong social ties improve mental health and longevity Sense of purpose contributes to emotional well-being
73
8. Based on what you saw in the video, which Blue Zone habits or practices do you think could be realistically applied to support healthy aging in the U.S.? Why or why not?
Realistic habits: - Plant based meals - Walking more often - Building community and social networks Why: - Can be encouraged through local programs, urban planning, and education Challenges: - A lot of places aren't walkable
74
9. Describe Erikson’s stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation. At what stage of life does it occur, and what are the key challenges or outcomes of successfully resolving this stage?
Intimacy: self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts i. Intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another person b. Failure to achieve intimacy results in social isolation c. Stage of life: Occurs in twenties and thirties d. Positive outcome: Successful development of intimacy, characterized by deep and lasting relationships e. Negative outcome: Isolation, loneliness, difficulty forming meaningful connections
75
10. Describe at least two pros and cons of adults moving back in with their parents after graduating from college.
a. Pros: i. Emotional support from family, which can be helpful during a transition period ii. Familiarity and sense of security in a familiar environment b. Cons: i. Loss of independence and privacy ii. Potential communication issues and strain if expectations have changed since college
76
What are Kubler-Ross’ Stages of Dying?
Denial and isolation Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
77
Denial and isolation stage
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ first stage of dying, in which a dying person denies they are really going to die
78
Anger stage
a dying person’s denial gives way to anger, resentment, rage, envy
79
Bargaining stage
a dying person develops hope that death can be postponed
80
Depression stage
when the dying person comes to accept the certainty of their death, a period of depression or preparatory grief may appear
81
Acceptance stage
the dying person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of their fate, and in many cases, a desire to be left alone

EDF3110 Human Growth & Development (4 decks)

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