exam 3 Flashcards
personality
Pattern of enduring characteristics that differentiates a person
Structure of the mind
Plagued by conflict (sexual)
Role of the Unconscious
Portion of the mind inaccessible to our awareness
Development
due to sexual energy & early experiences
Oral
(birth – 18 mos)
Anal
(18 mos – 3 yrs); Toilet training - Self-control w/expulsion of waste; Unusual rigidity, orderliness
Phallic
(3-5); Oedipus Complex for boys, castration anxiety; Penis Envy for girls
Latency
(5-11)
Genital
(12 – thru adulthood)
Sexuality, intercourse
Denial
Inability to acknowledge anxiety producing reality/truth
Rationalization
Loose use of logic to justify actions
Sublimation
Channeling inappropriate urges into social acceptable outlets
Regression
Reverting developmentally back to earlier behavior patterns
Projection
Attribute unwanted impulses/feelings to someone else
5 Factor Model
Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Biological
Personality is predetermined by our genetics
Introversion
quiet, reserved, thoughtful
Extroversion
active, sociable, outgoing
Neuroticism
Tendency to respond w/negative emotion, Reactive nervous system
Instinct
preprogrammed for certain behaviors, biologically determined
drive reduction
lack of a basic, biological requirement produces an internal drive to obtain it
drive
motivational tension or arousal energizing behavior
primary drives
biological
secondary drives
non-biological
arousal
we try to maintain certain levels of stimulation and activity, we’ll adjust our behaviors if out stimulation is too low or too high
incentive
motivation from the desire to obtain valued external goals
cognitive
motivate is a product of people’s thought, expectations, and goals
hierarchy of needs
healthy adults strive for realizing human potential
social factors
cultural expectations, need for achievement, drive to maintain/establish relationships
humanistic psychology
human capacity for growth, grounded in present, self-accepting, realistic
Emotions
Feelings with physiological and cognitive components that influences behavior
Physiological Arousal
physical symptoms
cognitive
thinking about a situation
Why do we have emotions?
Prepare us for action, Learn future responses, Help social interactions
6 universal emotions
Anger, Fear, Happiness, Disgust, Sadness, Surprise
James-Lange theory
Emotion starts w/ the biological/physical
Cannon-Bard theory
physiological & emotional arousal experienced at the same time
Schacter-Singer theory
Emotions are subjective and what we label them to be, Arousal can be misattributed, One person’s pleasure is another’s pain
Microexpressions
subtle facial features where concealed emotion comes through
Development
Study of the patterns of growth & change throughout lifespan
Research types for development
twin studies, cross-sectional, longitudinal
secure attachment style
care giver is dafe and reliable
ambivalent attachment style
mixed feelings about caregiver
avoidant attachment style
caregiver is unreliable and distant
Sensorimotor Stage
(birth – 2), Development of motor skills, No sense of object permanence
Pre-Operational Stage
(2 to 7), Language skills, Egocentric thought, Principle of conservation
Concrete Operational Stage
(7-12), Logical thinking in concrete terms
Formal Operational Stage
(12 to adult), Abstract, logical, Not everyone gets here
Preconventional
thinking in absolutes
Conventional
wanting to be a “good” member of society
Postconventional
broad moral principles (flexible)
Identity Vs. Role Confusion
(12-21), Who am I?
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
(21-30), With whom am I?
Generativity Vs. Stagnation
(30-65), What am I doing?
Ego-integrity Vs. Despair
(65+), What have I done?
What are problematic issues for adolescents?
Parent-Child conflicts and Adolescent Suicide
when do we start to decline
after 25
what is the divorce rate
40-50% of first marriages
Later Adulthood
decrease in sensory capabilities and cognitive changes
Adjusting to Death
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
