exam 3

Question 1

pleural effusion is more watery, happens with HF patients

Answer 1

transudative

Question 2

pleural effusion is thicker. infection is common

Answer 2

exudative

Question 3

thicker than exudative fluid within the pleural space.

Answer 3

empyema

Question 4

bloody fluid coming out of the pleural area. can be from tumor, surgery, PE.

Answer 4

hemothorax

Question 5

lymphatic fluid that looks milky within the pleural space.- happens with lymphatic obstruction

Answer 5

chylothroax

Question 6

tissue in the lungs have scarred up

Answer 6

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 7

virchows triad -PE

Answer 7

VENOUS STASIS, HYPERCOAGUABILITY, VESSELS ENDOTHELIAL INJURY

Question 8

partially dislocated bone

Answer 8

subluxation

Question 9

tendons and ligaments

Answer 9

strain

Question 10

tearing or injury of the ligament

Answer 10

sprain

Question 11

elevated blood pressure

Answer 11

120-120 / less than 80

Question 12

high blood pressure or HTN is considered

Answer 12

greater than 130/80

Question 13

ST segment elevation

Answer 13

STEMI- worst MI

Question 14

ST segment depression, inverted T waves

Answer 14

non STEMI

Question 15

Osler nodes and janeway lesions are seen in what

Answer 15

infective endocarditis

Question 16

early P wave

Answer 16

premature atrial contractions

Question 17

early qrs WAVE

Answer 17

Premature ventricular contractions

Question 18

wide QRS

Answer 18

V tach

Question 19

QRS not observable; not compatible with life

Answer 19

V fib- shockable

Question 20

P waves present unrelated to QRS

Answer 20

Third degree heart block

Question 21

tx for 3rd degree heart block

Answer 21

pacemaker

Question 22

difference between chronic a fib and acute

Answer 22

If chronic A-fib, needs medication to control the heart rate and anticoagulation to prevent clots. If rapid and acute, may need cardioversion.

Question 23

Diagnostic tests for heart failure

Answer 23

BNP
echocardiogram

Question 24

medical emergencies for heart issues

Answer 24

superior vena cava,
hypertensive crisis,
acute coronary syndrome

Question 25

types of true aneurysms

Answer 25

fusiform and saccular

Question 26

what is considered a htn crisis

Answer 26

180/120

Question 27

Autoimmune inflammation of peripheral arteries

Answer 27

buerger disease

Question 28

Dysfunctional autonomic vascular thermoregulation Attacks triggered by cold exposure or emotional stress Bilateral symptoms beginning at tips of fingers Pallor, numbness, cold, cyanosis, then rubor, throbbing pain and paresthesias as blood flow returns

Answer 28

raynauds

Question 29

Intermittent claudication (pain with ambulation)

Answer 29

PAD

Question 30

Air in pleural space causes lung to collapse and may push mediastinal contents over ( heart and lungs)

Answer 30

tension thorax

Question 31

what treats a pneumothorax

Answer 31

chest tube. pleurodesis (surgery)

Question 32

fluid in the pleural space

Answer 32

pleural effusion

Question 33

exudative effusion usually comes from what dx

Answer 33

infection; malignancy in the lungs

Question 34

empyema usually comes from what dx

Answer 34

copd

Question 35

pulmonary edema starts resolving, exudate becomes granulation tissue, diffusion barrier, hypoxemia continues

Answer 35

prolipherative phase 4-14 days

Question 36

hypercoagulation, pulm HTN, pulm edema, decreased surfactant and lung expansion, hypoxemia, respiratory failure

Answer 36

exudative phases- 72 hours

Question 37

remodeling, lung tissue fibrosis

Answer 37

fibroic phase 14-21 days

Question 38

most common sign with ARDS

Answer 38

giving a patient O2 and their oxygen continues to drop

Question 39

most common cause of ARDS

Answer 39

Sepsis

Question 40

reversible airway obstruction

Answer 40

asthma

Question 41

with asthma exacerbation what happens

Answer 41

expiratory wheezing, chest tightness, dyspnea, tachy,pulsus paradoxus

Question 42

airborne droplet

Answer 42

Tuberculosis

Question 43

type of necrosis TB causes

Answer 43

caseous necrosis

Question 44

what is considered pulm HTN

Answer 44

MEAN PULM ARTERY PRESSURE GREATER THAN 25 @ REST