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Spinal Anatomy 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

0
Q

At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear?

A

Sometime in early adolescence

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1
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid center of ossification?

A

Tip of the dens synchondrosis

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2
Q

If the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid proces centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?

A

Terminal ossicle

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3
Q

What is the incidence of rib related changes following dorsalization of c7?

A

From one-half to two and one-half percent of the population

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4
Q

What alteration in C6 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization?

A

C6 demonstrates a change in inferior articular facet orientation from forward lateral and downward to forward medial and downward. Superior facet unchanged

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5
Q

What percent of the population may demonstrait thoracic like features at C7?

A

Up to 46%

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6
Q

What T1 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization?

A

The superior articular facet may change from BUL to BUM inferior unchanged

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7
Q

What is the incidence of cervicalization of T1 in the population?

A

Up to 28% of population

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8
Q

What rib-related changes may accompany lmbarization of T12?

A

A significant shortening of the mean relative length of 113 mm of the twelfth rib or it becomes absent

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9
Q

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

A

The superior araticular facet may change from flat, back, upward, and lateral to concave, back, upward, and medial. Inferior facet unchanged

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10
Q

What is characteristic of lumbarization of S1?

A

The failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

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11
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of L5?

A

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

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12
Q

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine?

A

L5

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14
Q

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population?

A

Up to 14 percent

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15
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical spine?

A

Centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops the head is held upright and the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior

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16
Q

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

A

Usually between the third and fourth month after birth.

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17
Q

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

A

Between occiput and C1

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18
Q

What is the name given to the primary cervical curve?

A

Cervical kyphosis

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19
Q

What is the name What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and the cervical enlargement?

A

Cervical curve CT1; cervical enlargment C3-T1

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20
Q

What infant activities are associated with the developmental of the lumbar curve?>

A

Crawling and walking

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21
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

A

crawling will cause abdomen to put tension on lumbar region and pulls it forward

Muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars

Intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior

walking will further promote muscle and IVD development

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22
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves?

A

They appear after 6 years old

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23
Q

What is the relationship between cure direction and handedness?

A

Right handed person has a high probability for right thoracic, left lumbar combo

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24
Q

What clinical examples of abnormal curvatures aloneg the vertebral column were stressed in class?

A

Military neck, humpback or hunchback, or swayback

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25
Q

What is military neck?>

A

Decreased anterior curve in the cervical region, a straight neck

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26
Q

What is a swayback?

A

An increased anterior curve in the lumbar region

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27
Q

What are the curve classifications for military neck?

A

A kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

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28
Q

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

A

A kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

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29
Q

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

A

A lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

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30
Q

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the Scoliosis Research Society?

A

Magnitude, Location, Direction, Etiology, and structural/non-structural

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31
Q

What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

A

The Cobb Method

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32
Q

Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis

A

Infantile, Juvenile, and adolescent

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33
Q

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis

A

Left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

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34
Q

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis

A

Right thoracic, females over 6 years old, 12 % - 21% incidence

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35
Q

Identify the curve direction, location gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

A

Right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80% incidence

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36
Q

What is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening

A

The greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, the more likely to worsen

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37
Q

Which muscles are identified as erector spine or sacrospinalis muscles?

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

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38
Q

Which subdivision of the iliocostalis primarily originates and inserts on ribs?

A

Iliocostalis Thoracis

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39
Q

Which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscles?

A

semispinalis, multifidis, and rotators

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40
Q

How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?

A

As many as nine vertebrae

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41
Q

What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracics?

A

T12

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42
Q

What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?

A

Transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 & articular processes of C4-C6

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43
Q

The semispinalis capitis and spinals capitis may fuse to form what muscle?

A

Biventer Cervicis

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44
Q

Which muscles are representative of muscle layer two in the neck?

A

Splenius cervicis, splenius capitis

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45
Q

Which muscles are representative of muscle layer three in the neck

A

Semispinalis capitis, spinais capitis

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46
Q

Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine?

A

Multifidis

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47
Q

Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?

A

Iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum and multifidus lumborum

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48
Q

Which sub occipital muscle lacks an attachment to the skull?

A

Oblique capités inferior

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49
Q

What is the origin go the obliquus capitis inferior

A

C2 spinous process and lamina

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50
Q

An increase in the density of muscle spindles is most apparent in which sub occipital muscle?

A

Obliquus capités inferior

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51
Q

Suboccipital muscle feedback relays to what aditional locations in the brain?

A

Extraocular nuclei of origin, primary visual cortex and vestibular nuclei

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52
Q

What is the proposed function of the suboccipital muscle group?

A

Postural stabilizers of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints

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53
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the interspinalis?

A

Acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with intertransversarii to coordinate the smooth movment of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

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54
Q

WHich of the cervical intertransversarii is intervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves?

A

Posterior medial belly, cervical intertransversarii

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55
Q

What is the origin of the medial belly of the lumbar intertransversarii?

A

Accessory process of transverse process L1-L4 mammillary process of superior articular process L1-L4

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56
Q

Which of the lumbar intertransversarii is innervated by dorsal rami of lumbar spinal nerves?

A

Medial belly, lumbar intertransversarii

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57
Q

Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the intertransversarii?

A

Acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with interspinalis to coordinate the smooth movment of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture

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58
Q

What is the insertion of the middle scalene?

A

Between the tubercle and groove for the subclavian artery on the first rib

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59
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior scalene?

A

Outer surface of second rib

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60
Q

The quadratus lumborum is implicated in the formation of which ligament?

A

The iliolumbar ligament

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61
Q

What are the possible locations of bipolar neurons?

A

The nasal olfactory epithelium, the retina, the vestibular or Scarp’s ganglion, and the chochlear or spiral ganglion

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62
Q

What are the possible locations of pseudounipolar neurons?

A

Any sensory ganglion other than those of the eighth cranial nerve

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63
Q

What are the examples of multipolar neurons?

A

Stellate neurons, the motor neurons of brain and spinal cord
Pyrmidal neurons of cerberal cortex
Projection neurons or Golgi type 1 Purkinje cells of cortex
Local circuit neurons or Golgi 2 granule cells of cerebral and cerebellar cortex and neurons of the motor ganglia

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64
Q

What do baroreceptors monitor?

A

Blood pressure by evaluating stretch or tension along the length of the receptor ending

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65
Q

What is the site or location for baroreceptors?

A

Specialized vascular sinuses

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66
Q

What are the general types of distribution-function sensory receptor endings?

A

Exteroceptors, proprioceptors, interoceptors

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67
Q

What are the types and examples of exteroceptors?

A

(a) general or cutaneous sense organs such as free nerve endings, encapsulated endings and epidermal endings
(b) special sense receptors for olfaction, vision, hearing and taste

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68
Q

What are the examples of proprioceptors?

A

Golgi tendon organs, neuromuscular spindles, Pacinian corpuscles, inner ear receptors for equuilibrium and specialized receptors in joints

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69
Q

Where will the interoceptors be located?

A

In viscera, glands, and blood vessels

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70
Q

What are the examples of interoceptors?

A

Free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings, chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

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71
Q

What are the examples of epidermal nerve endings?

A

Palisade nerve endings, Merkel cell endings and Ruffini corpuscles or Ruffini nerve endings

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72
Q

What is the example of tactile corpuscles?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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73
Q

Which type of encapsulated nerve ending is sensitive to vibration?

A

Lamellated corpuscles or Pacinian corpuscles

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74
Q

What is the example of the neurotendinous nerve ending?

A

Golgi tendon organs

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75
Q

What are the primary neuronal projections observed in a nerve?

A

Peripheral sensory processes and motor nerve fibers

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76
Q

Contrast the sensory ganglion with the motor ganglion

A

Sensory ganglia contain primary sensory neuron cell bodies and lack synapses; motor ganglia contain secondary motor neuron cell bodies and always demonstrate synapses

77
Q

What is another name for a sensory neuron?

A

Afferent neuron

78
Q

What are the parts of a primary sensory neuron?

A

Sensory receptor ending, peripheral sensory process, perikaryon, central sensory process, synaptic ending

79
Q

Where is the cell body of a primary sensory neuron located?

A

In a sensory ganglion

80
Q

What is the region in the encephalon where central sensory processes synapse?

A

Nucleus of termination

81
Q

What is the loction for secondary sensory neurons in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal horn

82
Q

Muscles derived from somites are innervated by which cranial nerves?

A

Cranial nerve 3 or oculomoter nerve, cranial nerve 4 or trochlear nerve, cranial nerve VI or abducens nerve and cranial nerve XII or hypoglossal nerve

83
Q

Muscles derived from the branchial or pharyngeal arches are innervated by which cranial nerves?

A

Cranial nerve V or trigeminal nerve, cranial nerve VII or facial nerve, cranial nerve IX or glossopharyngeal nerve, cranial nerve X or vagus nerve and cranial nerve XI or spinal accessory nerve

84
Q

What peripheral nerves contain visceral efferent pathways at their origin?

A

Cranial nerve III or oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve VII or facial nerve, cranial nerve IX or glossopharyngeal nerve, cranial nerve X or vagus nerve as well as spinal nerves T1-T12, L1, L2 and S2-S4

85
Q

Identify the type of motor pathway associated with each type of muscle

A

Somatic and branchial motor pathways terminate on skeletal muscle autonomic/involuntary/visceral pathways terminate on smooth and cardiac muscle

86
Q

What are the subdivisions of the visceral division of the peripheral nerve system?

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric

87
Q

What is the region in the central nerve system where sympathetic efferent neuron cell bodies for spinal nerves are located?

A

Lateral horn of T1-T12, L1, L2 cord levels

88
Q

What is the comparative length of the axons associated with the sympathetic efferent pathway?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers are relatively short; postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers are relatively long

89
Q

What cells derived from the neural crest where emphasized in class?

A

Secondary sympathetic efferent neurons and adrenal medulla chromaffin cells

90
Q

Primary parasympathetic efferent neurons will be associated with which cranial nerves?

A

Cranial nerve III or oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve VII or facial nerve, cranial nerve IX or glossopharyngeal nerve and cranial nerve X or vagus nerve

91
Q

Primary parasympathetic efferent neurons will be associated with which spinal nerves?

A

Spinal nerves S2-S4

92
Q

What is the name given to and neuroactive substance associated with postganglionic parasympatheic efferent pathways?

A

Cholingeric fibers; acetylcholine

93
Q

What is the comparative length of the axons associated with parasympathetic efferent pathways?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers are relatively long;

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers are relatively short

94
Q

Sesker is a Homo

A

…Duhh lol

95
Q

What types of efferent neurons form nuclei of origin in the brain?

A

Somatic neurons, brachial neurons, and primary parasympathetic neurons

96
Q

Will sympathetic efferent neurons be located in the brain?

A

No

97
Q

What are the target organs for branchial efferents or somatic efferents?

A

Skeletal muscles

98
Q

What are the ultimate target organs for parasympathetic efferents?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular tissue, and specialized cells

99
Q

Which cranial nerves have sensory pathways that are atypical of the majority of sensory pathways?

A

Olfactory or cranial nerve I, optic or cranial nerve II, and trigeminal or cranial nerve V

100
Q

What do somatic afferents monitor?

A

Pain, Temperature, light touch and proprioception

101
Q

What do visceral afferents monitor?

A

Baroreception, chemoreception, sensation from viscera

102
Q

What do special visceral afferents monitor?

A

Olfaction and taste

103
Q

What do special sensory afferents monitor?

A

Vision, hearing, equilibrium

104
Q

Cranial nerve I is an example of which classification of sensory pathway?

A

Special visceral afferent

105
Q

What is the site for the detection of smell?

A

The olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity

106
Q

What is the morphological classification of the primary sensory neuron of the first cranial nerve?

A

Bipolar neuron

107
Q

What is unusual about the receptor ending of the primary olfactory neuron?

A

It is an olfactory knob covered with olfactory cilia

108
Q

What do central processes of the first cranial nerve bundle together to form?

A

Fila Olfactoria

109
Q

What forms the true olfactory nerve?

A

Fila Olfactoria

110
Q

What forms the traditional or classic first cranial nerve?

A

The olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

111
Q

What is the exit site for the first cranial nerve?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

112
Q

Secondary afferent neuron cell bodies of the first cranial nerve are primarily located in what structure?

A

Olfactory Bulb

113
Q

What is the location for synapse between primary and secondary afferent neurons of the first cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory Glomerulus

114
Q

What is the name of the traditional secondary afferent neuron of the first cranial nerve?

A

Mitral cell

115
Q

Cranial nerve II is an example of which classification of sensory pathway?

A

Special sensory

116
Q

What are the receptor neurons of the second cranial nerve?

A

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells

117
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

Provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

118
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

Provide vision in dim light conditions

119
Q

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

A

Rods

120
Q

What is the primary afferent neuron of the second cranial nerve>

A

Bipolar cell

121
Q

Where are the primary sensory neurons of the second cranial nerve located?

A

The retina

122
Q

What is the secondary sensory neuron of the second cranial nerve?

A

Ganglion Cell

123
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

Axons of ganglion cells

124
Q

What is the exit site for the second cranial nerve?

A

Optic canal of the sphenoid bone

125
Q

The optic nerve will enter which fossa of the cranial vault?

A

Middle cranial fossa

126
Q

What occurs at the optic chiasma?

A

Part of the optic nerve decussates

127
Q

What part of the visual pathway connects the optic chiasma to the brain?

A

The optic tract

128
Q

Axons carried in the second cranial nerve will synapse in what specific location?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

129
Q

What is the location for tertiary neurons of the visual pathway?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus

130
Q

Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus will synapse in what specific location?

A

Primary visual cortex, calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

131
Q

At its apparent origin cranial nerve III conveys which classifications of neural pathways?

A

Somatic efferent pathway and visceral efferent pathway

132
Q

What is the somatic efferent nucleus of origin for the third cranial nerve?

A

Oculomotor nuclear complex

133
Q

What is the location of the apparent origin of the third cranial nerve?

A

The midbrain

134
Q

The apparent origin of the third cranial nerve is first observed in which cranial fossa?

A

The posterior cranial fossa

135
Q

What is the exit from the cranial vault for the third cranial nerve?

A

Superior orbital fissure; Sphenoid bone

136
Q

Which extrinsic muscle/s of the eye is/are innervated by the third cranial nerve?

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique

137
Q

Which non-ocular muscle is innervated by the third cranial nerve?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris muscle of the eyelid

138
Q

Which visceral efferent pathway is conveyed in the third cranial nerve?

A

A parasympathetic motor pathway

139
Q

Visceral efferent pathway is conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

A

Accessory oculomotor nucleus of Edinger/Westphal

140
Q

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

A

Ciliary ganglion

141
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve are carried in which nerve?

A

Short cilia nerve

142
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve synapse in what targets?

A

Sphincter pupillae & ciliaris intrinsic eye muscles

143
Q

Does the apparent origin of cranial nerve III contain somatic afferent fibers?

A

No

144
Q

Peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the third cranial nerve will communicate with which cranial nerve branch?

A

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

145
Q

Peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the third cranial nerve travel to pseudo unipolar sensory neuron cell bodies located in which ganglion?

A

Gasserian ganglion, semilunar ganglion or trigeminal ganglion

146
Q

Central sensory processes from the Gasserian ganglion, semilunar ganglion or trigeminal ganglion are conveyed to the pons in what structure?

A

The sensory root of the trigeminal nerve

147
Q

The sensory root of the trigeminal nerve will have an apparent origin from what part of the encephalon?

A

The pons

148
Q

Typically, primary afferent neurons of the third cranial nerve located in the semilunar ganglion, Gasserian ganglion or tirgeminal ganglion will synapse in what nucleus?

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

149
Q

Which of the cranial nuclei of termination contain primary afferent neurons?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

150
Q

In the somatic afferent pathway of cranial nerve III, neurons within the mesencephalic nucleus may synapse at what locations?

A

Oculomotor nuclear complex or spinal trigeminal nucleus

151
Q

At its apparent origin cranial nerve IV conveys which classification of neural pathways?

A

Somatic efferent pathway

152
Q

What is the location for multipolar somatic efferent neurons of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear motor nucleus

153
Q

Somatic efferent fibers from the left nucleus of the fourth cranial nerve will have an apparent origin from which side?

A

Right side

154
Q

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

It is the only cranial with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

155
Q

The right fourth cranial nerve will innervate which side target muscle?

A

The right side muscle

156
Q

The fourth cranial nerve wil originiate in which cranial fosssa?

A

The posterior cranial fossa

157
Q

The fourth cranial nerve exits the cranial vault by way of which opening?

A

Superior orbital fissure; sphenoid bone

158
Q

Somatic efferent fibers from the fourth cranial nerve will innervate which muscle(s)?

A

Superior oblique extrinsic muscle of the eye

159
Q

Does the apparent origin of cranial nerve IV contain somatic afferent fibers?

A

No

160
Q

What part of the fourth cranial nerve contains somatic afferent fibers?

A

Only the distal part of the nerve

161
Q

Peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the fourth cranial nerve will communicate with which cranial nerve branch?

A

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

162
Q

Peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the fourth cranial nerve travel to pseudo unipolar sensory neuron cell bodies located in which ganglion?

A

Gasserian ganglion, semilunar ganglion or trigeminal ganglion

163
Q

The fifth cranial nerve is functionally referred to as the

A

Great sensory nerve of the face

164
Q

The fifth cranial nerve arises from what part of the brain?

A

The pons

165
Q

The apparent origin of the fifth cranial nerve is in which cranial fossa?

A

The posterior cranial fossa

166
Q

Identify each branch of the fifth cranial nerve arising from its ganglion

A

Ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

167
Q

What is the exit site from the cranial vault for each division of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Ophthalmic nerve - superior orbital fissure, maxillary nerve - foramen rotundum, mandibular nerve - foramen ovale

168
Q

What location will each branch of the fifth cranial nerve pass into upon exit form the cranial vault?

A

Ophthalmic nerve - orbit; maxillary nerve - pterogyopalatine region; mandibular nerve - infratemporal region

169
Q

The motor root of cranial nerve V will join which division?

A

Mandibular nerve

170
Q

At its apparent origin cranial nerve V conveys which classification of neural pathways?

A

Somatic afferent pathway and branchial efferent pathway

171
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve contain somatic afferent pathways?

A

All three

172
Q

Central sensory processes carried in the fifth cranial nerve synapse with secondary sensory neuron cell bodies in what location?

A

Mainly in the principal sensory nucleus; some in the trigeminal spinal nucleus

173
Q

Branchial efferent fibers arise from multipolar neurons in what nucleus?

A

Trigeminal motor nucleus

174
Q

The mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve exits the cranial vault via which opening and enters into what region of the head?

A

The foramen oval; the infra temporal region

175
Q

What muscles are innervated by branchial efferent fibers conveyed in the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veil palatini

176
Q

What are the names of the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

177
Q

Peripheral sensory process from which receptors located in the muscles of mastication are conveyed in which branch of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal

178
Q

Afferent neurons within the mesencephalic nucleus that are associate with sensation from the muscles of mastication will synapse at what locations?

A

Trigeminal motor nucleus or spinal trigeminal nucleus

179
Q

At its apparent origin cranial nerve VI conveys which classification of neural pathways?

A

Somatic efferent pathway

180
Q

What is the name of the sixth cranial nerve?

A

Abducent nerve or abducens nerve

181
Q

What is the site of the apparent origin of the sixth cranial nerve from the brain?

A

The pons

182
Q

What is the efferent nucleus for the sixth cranial nerve?

A

Abducens motor nucleus or abducent motor nucleus

183
Q

The sixth cranial nerve will innervate what target organ (s)?

A

Lateral rectus extrinsic muscle of the eye

184
Q

Peripheral sensory process conveyed in the sixth cranial nerve travel to pseudo unipolar sensory neuron cell bodies located in which ganglion?

A

Gasserian ganglion, semilunar ganglion, or trigeminal ganglion

185
Q

Peripheral sensory process conveyed in the sixth cranial nerve will communicate with which cranial nerve branch?

A

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

186
Q

Typically, primary afferent neurons of the sixth cranial nerve located in the semilunar ganglion, Gasserian ganglion or trigeminal ganglion will synapse in what nucleus?

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

187
Q

Recently, peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the sixth cranial nerve have been shown to originate from primary afferent neurons in which location?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

188
Q

Which of the cranial nuclei of termination contain primary afferent neurons?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

189
Q

In the somatic afferent pathway of cranial nerve VI, neurons within the mesencephalic nucleus may synapse at what locations?

A

Abducent or abducens motor nucleus or spinal trigeminal nucleus

Spinal Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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