Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What do we look for in handwriting

A

Differences! Not similarities
Letter formations
Handwriting slants
Rounded letters
Shape of letters

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2
Q

Letter formations

A

how is the letter constructed, how many strokes, one continuous stroke or many strokes combined to make the letter

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3
Q

Proportional size of letters

A

relationship between size of short and tall letters and between the height and width of a single letter

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4
Q

Line form

A

This looks at how smooth and dark the lines are, which indicates how much pressure the writer applies while writing and the speed of the writing

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5
Q

Formatting

A

This includes the spacing between letters, the spacing between words, the placement of words on a line and the margins a writer leaves empty on a page

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6
Q

Space between lines

A

do strokes from words on one line intersect with strokes in words on the line below and above it

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7
Q

A specific individual may form a letter differently depending on

A

where the letter falls in a word - beginning, middle or end, so an analyst will try to find examples of each letter in each placement

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8
Q

Forgery

A

the process used by criminals to make, alter, or falsify a person’s signature or another aspect of a document with the intent to deceive another

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9
Q

Forged documents

A

checks, employment records, legal documents, licenses, and wills

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10
Q

Literary forgery

A

This refers to a piece of writing, such as an historic letter or manuscript

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11
Q

Best literary forgers do what

A

They try to duplicate the original documents, so the materials used are similar to those used in the original document. They do this by collecting old paper or old books

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12
Q

It is essential for forgers to?

A

use aged paper to pass the microscopic examination tests

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13
Q

Ink in forgery

A

changed, so intelligent forgers would mix their own inks from material that would have been used at the time

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14
Q

Counterfeit money

A

feels different because real money is printed on special paper.
The #1 way people catch fakes is because it doesn’t feel right

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15
Q

COunterfeit detecting pens

A

inexpensive special pens/markers containing the element iodine.
When they come in contact with a counterfeit bill, the paper marked with the pen will change
color to a bluish-black.

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16
Q

Why do counterfeit pens work

A

This is because of starch, found in regular printer paper
Real money does not contain starch but has a different fiber.
When the pen is marked on real money, it will leave a pale yellow-brown line that fades quickly

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17
Q

Mcdonald triad

A

As youngsters many enjoyed torturing animals, setting fires, Bed-wetting (past toddler age)
Most serial killers exhibit at least one of these behaviors

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18
Q

Visionary motive type

A

Insane or psychotic, compelled to murder by entities such as the devil (“devil mandated”) or God (“God mandated”). David Berkowitz - “Son of Sam”

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19
Q

Mission oriented type

A

They believe that they need to “rid the world” of what they consider immoral or unworthy. Often the victims are prostitutes, young women, gay men
Green River Killer Gary Ridgway

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20
Q

Hedonistic killers

A

Derives pleasure from killing Jeffrey Dahmer

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21
Q

Thrill killer

A

primary goal is to inflict pain or create terror in the victims. The victims often are strangers, who the killer may have stalked for a period of time. These killers can go long periods of time without killing
Ted Bundy

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22
Q

Comfort (profit) killers

A

material gain and extravagant lifestyle are primary motives. The victims are usually close acquaintances or family members. Female serial killers are often this type

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23
Q

Ted Bundy victims

A

The majority of Bundy’s victims were young women with blonde/light brown hair parted in the middle
Bite mark evidence from his victims at Florida State University sealed his fate

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24
Q

Son of Sam David Berkowitz

A

During his killing spree, he sent letters to New York newspapers, signing them “Son of Sam,” a reference to a demon he believed lived inside the black Labrador retriever owned by his neighbor Sam Carr

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25
Son of sam victims
Targeted young women with long, dark hair. He also frequently targeted male-female couples who were seated in parked cars
26
Jack the Ripper
Unidentified serial killer active in and around the impoverished Whitechapel district of London, England, in 1888
27
Jack the Ripper attacks
Attacks ascribed to Jack the Ripper typically involved women working as prostitutes who lived and worked in the slums of the East End of London. Their throats were cut prior to abdominal mutilations. The removal of internal organs from at least three of the victims led to speculation that their killer had some anatomical or surgical knowledge
28
Richard Ramirez
The night stalker Ramirez, avowed devil worshipper, randomly raped and murdered his victims in their homes. Satanic symbols were found at many of the crime scenes which became a calling card for investigators at his crime scenes
29
Co-lead investigator of night stalker serial murder case
Lt. Gil Carrillo
30
John Wayne Gacy
Murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men burying most under his house. Sometimes known as the “Killer Clown” for his habit of dressing in a clown costume and makeup He lured his victims to his home with the promise of construction work
31
Jeff Dahmer
Also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster He invited young boys to his apartment and then drugging, strangling, and dismembering them. He cannibalized some of his victims as well.
32
The zodiac murders
Most of the Zodiac killings took place in the San Francisco Bay Area during a five-year period The victims (usually couples) were attacked on weekends, in areas near water, using a different weapon and a different automobile each time Signed letters with circle with + on top
33
Green river killer
Gary Ridgway murdered scores of women in the Seattle area. Ridgway pled guilty to murdering 48 teenage runaways and prostitutes who he had strangled and dumped into the Green River in the state of Washington
34
Dennis Rader
BTK – Bind, Torture, Kill 25 year crime spree in Wichita, Kansas
35
Robert Pickton
A Vancouver-area pig farmer who murdered as many as 60 female prostitutes
36
Barrel
The metal tube through which a projectile or shot charge is fired. May be rifled or smooth. The long, metal tube that guides a projectile out of a firearm
37
Bore
The inside of the barrel. "Smoothbore" weapons (typically shotguns) have no rifling. Most handguns and rifles have "rifling"
38
Muzzle
The end of the barrel out of which the bullet comes.
39
Magazine
is the place that stores the ammunition that has not been fired
40
Cartridge
A case that holds a bullet, primer powder, and gunpowder
41
Purpose of a primer
The purpose of a primer in a gun is to ignite the propellant powder within the cartridge, essentially acting as the initial spark that starts the combustion process which propels the bullet out of the barrel
42
The most common constituents of primers
lead styphnate barium nitrate antimony sulfide
43
Rifling
the term for helical grooves machined into the internal surface of a firearms's barrel for imparting a spin to a projectile to improve its aerodynamic stability and accuracy (This improves stability in the flight of the bullet)
44
Gunshot residue
During the discharge of a firearm, escaping gases from the weapon deposit gunshot residue (GSR) on the skin of the shooter’s hands, on the clothing of the shooter, and on other objects located in close proximity to the shooter. Included in this gaseous cloud of residue are particles composed primarily of primer residue
45
Tool marks
The surface of a tool leaves distinctive marks when it is forced against another surface. The impressions made by any tool could link the tool to a crime scene and ultimately to the tool’s owner.
46
Indentation mark
an impression made by a tool when it is pressed against a softer surface. It is the negative impression of the tool
47
Abrasion marks
made when surfaces slide across one another. The harder surface leaves scratches on the softer surface
48
Cutting marks
produced along the edge of a surface as it is cut. The type of saw blade used to dismember a body can be determined by examining the cut surface of the bone
49
Tool marks change?
Over time as they are used repeatedly.
50
additional characteristics that help distinguish a tool mark
Oxidation, or rusting of tools, as well as uneven sharpening
51
Glass
a hard, amorphous, brittle material made by melting three materials at very high temperatures
52
What materials melt to make glass
Silicon dioxide, or silica Calcium oxide Sodium oxide
53
Laminated glass
Two or more panes of glass bonded by a plastic middle layer are called laminated glass Laminated glass is used in windshields
54
Tempered glass
Glass that has been subjected to extreme temperatures or chemical treatments to improve its strength is called tempered glass, or safety glass
55
When is tempered glass used
Tempered Glass is used in side and back windows. These types of glass protect passengers from the dangers of flying shards.
56
Bullet-resistant glass
"bulletproof" a laminated and tempered glass composed of two layers, one hard and one soft.
57
Refraction
Light changes direction as it passes from one medium, such as air, into another medium, such as water
58
Radial fracture lines
start at the point of impact and move outward
59
Gun pic 1, 1
Barrel
60
Gun pic 1, 2
Bullet
61
Gun pic 1, 3
Cartridge
62
Gun pic 1, 4
Magazine
63
Gun pic 2, 1
Rifle or handgun barrel
64
Gun pic 2, 2
Lands
65
Gun pic 2, 3
Grooves
66
Gun pic 2, 4
Shotgun barrel
67
Gun pic 3, 1
Chamber
68
Gun pic 3, 2
Barrel
69
Gun pic 3, 3
Bore
70
Gun pic 3, 4
Muzzle
71
Gun pic 4, 1
Lands
72
Gun pic 4, 2
Calibre
73
Gun pic 4, 3
Grooves
74
Gun pic 5, 1
Casing
75
Gun pic 5, 2
Cartridge
76
Gun pic 5, 3
Bullet
77
Gun pic 6, 1
Primer
78
Gun pic 6, 2
Casing
79
Gun pic 6,3
Bullet with copper jacket
80
Gun pic 6, 4
Powder
81
Gun pic 7, 1
Bullet
82
Gun pic 7, 2
Cartridge case
83
Gun pic 7, 3
Propellant or powder
84
Gun pic 7, 4
Base of the cartridge case
85
Gun pic 7, 5
primer
86
Gun pic 8, 1
casing
87
Gun pic 8, 2
primer
88
Gun pic 8, 3
powder
89
Gun pic 8, 4
Bullet