Exam 3 Flashcards
Define Advocacy
emphasizes collaboration with the client to take actions to meet their basic human rights or improve quality of life.
Informal leadership
The leader enables change by influencing and guiding others. (The practitioner leads the team to increase their awareness and cultural sensitivity so they may welcome all clients and provide a safe emotional environment for rehabilitation)
Transactional Leadership (Style, chp. 9)
A managerial style of supervision, rewards, and punishment (Very typical)
Transformational Leadership (Style, chp. 9)
A collaborative effort to create change/ Facilitate change by building confidence and empowering others
Define Formal Leadership (Chp. 9)
The leader holds the authority to make decisions
Assistive Technology:
Refers to products, devices or equipment, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that are used to maintain, increase or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
Low tech vs High tech
Low Tech:
AT device that provide simple solutions to everyday problems. Simpler, lower, cost
High Tech:
AT that requires individual adjustments. High tech, more complex and higher cost
Environmental Modifications
Changing the environment to support a persons ability to engage and be included in desired occupations.
-Goal: Remove functional challenges and barriers so the person may perform in their daily occupations
-Physical, social, cultural, virtual, and attitudinal
Universal Design Principles
Creating spaces that are inclusive for people with diverse abilities and includes the following principles
What are the 7 Universal Design Principles?
- Equitable use-Design is useful to people of diverse abilities
- Flexible-
- Simple and Intuitive-
- Perceptible information-
5.Tolerance error- - Low physical Effort-
7.Size and space for approach and use-
Therapeutic Reasoning starts where?
With the ability to do an activity analysis
What makes it Skilled Therapy?
Occupation Based client centered care, demonstrating that you know the framework inside and out by your notes
What skills are needed for OTPs?
-Clinical reasoning
-Evidence
-Therapeutic use of self
-Activity Analysis
What does documentation need?
-Skilled service
-Professional Language
-Underlying Concepts set forth by Framework
Context
-Clinical environments present some difficulties with context
-Skills need to transfer to the clients environment
-Contexts and environments may relate to the clients conditions and may be barriers to occupational participating
Activity Demands
-They are interactive
-The demands of an activity include both what is needed to perform the activity and how that influences or relates to the clients states goals.
What do interventions include:
-occupation based activities
-preparatory methods ( done to the client)
-Preparatory activities (done by the client)
-Group interventions
-Advocacy and self advocacy
-Education and training
**Documentation should delineate…
- The specific methods used
- the clients response to the intervention
- Progress made towards the goal
- Any changes to the intervention plan
Medical Record
-A legal document
-shows hx of clients past and present health
-EHR:
-PHR: Patients keeps the EHR for themselves
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (Legislation)
-created in 1996
-Protect peoples person information
-All about privacy
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
-Protects the students rights and privacy
ACA (Obama care)
(IDEA) Individuals with disabilities act
-1997
-Originally the education for all handicapped children
-Mandates early intervention services to children for children with developmental delay
-Part B expands it to age 21
O vs A in the soap note
O: Health professionals reports of tx
A: Health Professionals clinical judgement and interpretation/ The 3 Ps
Skill vs Function Chp 2
Define culture
Customs, beliefs, activity patterns, behavioral standards, and expectations accepted by society of which the client is a member. It informs that roles, routines, and habits people engage
Define a stigma
It is discrimination against an identifiable group of people, a place, or a nation
What is implicit Bias?
They do not require ones active awareness. They are unconscious biases because of the underlying thread of behaviors and actions
Define Occupational Performance
The ability and how to complete a constellation of meaningful daily activities.
How do OT professionals use knowledge of developmental tasks?
To use as guidelines while considering that people are different and accomplish tasks on different timelines. (Human development is not linear)
Infancy
-Birth to one year
-Gross motor and fine motor skills develop as infants begin to voluntarily reach, grasp objects, roll, scoot, sit, crawl, and eventually walk
-Primitive Reflexes: Motor response to sensory stimuli (most integrate within the first year)
What reflexes do we have out whole life?
- Protective Extenstion
- Righting reaction
- equilibrium reaction
(Infancy) Define what it looks like..
1. Exploration phase
2. Gross Motor
3. Oral Motor
4. Fine Motor
5. Language
- child explores self and environment
- Integration of primitive reflexes, rolling, prone on elbows, sitting, pull to stand, crawling, walking
- manages different textures and types of food. They can suck-swallow-breathe, drink from straw, cup drinking
- gross grasp, radial digital, inferior pincer, near pincer, holding and releasing objects
- cooing, babbling, first words
(Infancy) Define what it looks like…
1. Social
2. Cognitive
- smiles, interacts with others, peek a boo
- understands cause and effect and concept of object permanence
-Sensory solitary play
-Regulates sleep-wake cycle
-rapid physical growth and development
(Infancy) Frames of Reference
-Developmental FOR: Postulates that practice in a skill set enhances brain development and helps the child profess through the stages
-Family-centered FOR
-Consultation: We can prefer suggestions and then have them carry that out
Define childhood
-1-6 years
-later childhood 6-12
-Develop more coordination and strength: running, jumping, and coordinated games
-Play is the primary occupations
-Social Participation is an important occupation of childhood
(Childhood) Define what it looks like..
1. Competency phase
2. Play
- Children begin to regulate behaviors and refine skills from earlier
-begins to regulate behavior - Dramatic, construction, and social skills
-Fantasy play
*Develops conscience
-Learns to regulate emotionally to parents, siblings, and other
Adolescence
-12-20
-Develops a sense of self apart from their parents
-Develop sexual and gender identity
-Focus on peer group
-Time of turmoil
Adulthood
Young adulthood: 20-40
Middle Adulthood: 40-65, where midlife crisis are/ Career is the focus and maybe seeking a new career.
Late Adulthood: over 65 years, a time of reflection and evaluation of ones life
What are developmental tasks of young adulthood?
-Independence
-Selecting and establishing career
-Work is a source of meaning
-Balances work, family and self
What are morals
Morals are related to character and behavior from the point of view of right or wrong
Morals develop…
-Background
-Values
-Religious beliefs
-Society
What are Ethics?
The study and philosophy of human conduct.
-Guides how a person behaves and makes decisions
Define Law
a binding custom or practice of a community, a rule of conduct oe action prescribed or formally recognized and binding or enforced by a controlling authority
What is Clinical Reasoning?
understanding the clients dx, strengths, weaknesses, prognosis, and goals
Purpose of the CoE
- Provides aspirational Core Values that guide OT personnel toward ethical courses of action in professional and volunteer roles
- It delineates ethical Principles and enforceable standards of conduct that apply to AOTA members
Define Altruism
Showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Define Equality
Indicates that all persons have the right to the same fundamental human rights and opportunities
Define Freedom
Indicates valuing each persons right to exercise autonomy and demonstrate independence, initiative, and self direction
Define Justice
indicates the OT personnel provide occupational therapy services for all persons in need of these services and maintain a goal-directed and objective relationship with recipients of serivce
Define Dignity
Indicates the importance of valuing, promoting, and preserving the inherent worth and uniqueness of each person. Respecting the persons social and cultural heritage and life experiences
Define Truth
indicates that OT personnel in all situations should be faithful to facts and reality
Define Prudence
the ability to govern and discipline oneself through the use of reason
Define Beneficence
demonstrating a concern for the well being and safety of persons
Define Nonmaleficence
refraining from actions that cause harm
Define Autonomy
OT personnel shall respect the right of the person to self determination, privacy, confidentiality, and consent
Define Justice
OT personnel shall promotr equlity, inclusion, and objectivity in the provision of OT services
Define Veracity
OT personnel shall provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession
Define Fidelity
treating patients (Person, group, or populations), colleagues, and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity
Ethical Distress vs Ethical Dilemma
Distress: situation challenges how a practitioner maintains his or her integrity or the integrity of the profession
Dilemma: a situation in which 2 or more ethical principles collide with one another, making it difficult to determine the best action
