Exam 1 Flashcards
What is occupation?
refers to those things that people do that are valuable and meaningful to them and provide them with a sense of health, competence, and identity
What is purposeful activity?
meaningful to the client but may emphasize only one aspect of the occupation
What is a task?
basic unit of action/ one of the many tasks that makes up the occupationC
What is a contrived activity?
Made up activities that may include some of the same skills as the activity
What is grading?
Changing the process, environment, tools, or materials of the activity to increase or decrease the performance demands on the client
What is the difference between purposeful activity and occupation based activity
context
Preparatory activities vs preparatory methods?
activities-activities that may include some of the same skills as the activity
methods-prep activites done to the client by the OT
Define remediating
improving the clients ability to perform
Define compensating
Completing the occupation in a different way
-finding strategies or techniques that work around limitations
Define adapting
Changing an aspect of the activity or environment to enable successful performance/ changes to the materials or objects
-modifying the setting or demands of a task to facilitate performance
Who conceived the moral treatment movement and what year
Philippe Pinel and William Tuke
Describe Philippe Pinel
French physician/ introduced “work treatment” for “insane”
-one of the founders of the moral treatment movement
Describe William Tuke
-English Quaker
-Established the york retreat: approached mentally ill with kindness instead of treating them like wild animals.
Benjamin Rush
-A quaker and physician to institute moral treatment practices in the US
What 3 historical events started OT?
- moral treatment movement (late 1700s)
- Industrial Revolution
- Arts and Crafts movement
Who led the arts and crafts movement?
John Ruskin and William Morris
Who is George Barton?
-He was an architect who studied under William Morris
-Suffered Tb, paralysis, and a foot amputation
-changed it from occupation to occupational therapy
Who is William Rush Dunton?
-Father of OT
-Psychiatrist
-Known for his writings on the value of occupational for treatment
Who is Eleanor Clarke Slagle?
-Mom of OT
-Social Worker
-Habit Training: helped people to overcome disorganized habits, to modify other habits, and to construct new ones with the goal of maintaining and restoring health.
Who is Susan Tracy?
-nurse
-thought only nurses were qualified to practice OT
Who is Adolf Meyer?
-swiss physician
-committed to a holistic perspective and developed a psychological approach to mental health.
-occupational balance (work, play, rest, and balance)
Soldier Rehabilitation Act (1918)
established a program of voc rehab for soldiers disabled on active duty.
When was AOTA name changed and what was it changed from?
-1921 and NSPOT was the previous name
-inaugural event of NSPOT was March 15,1917
When was the founding meeting of NSPOT?
March 15, 1917
When was medicare enacted?
-1965, giving those that are disabled under 65 years of age get assistance in paying for their healthcare services
Gary Kielhofner
-Developed the model of human occupation
Domain vs process
D- what
P-how
Define professional philosophy
the framework that builds the profession/ the codes and ideas they stand on
What are the 4 OT philosophies?
Humanism:
Extentialism:
Pragmatism:
Structuralists:
Define what it “means and ends” means
means-we use occupation/ our intervention
Ends-the outcome goal is to have improved occupational performance/ has an end goal they are working towards
What are the values of OT?
- Altruism
- Equality
- Freedom
- Justice
5.Dignity - Truthfulness
- Prudence
Define Volition
A persons values, interests, and motivations
Define Altruism
Unselfish concern for others. Showing care, dedication, responsiveness, and understanding.
How does existentialism tie into OT?
View humans as self determining being who are always in the process of becoming. They are free to think, feel, and act.
Prudence
The ability to demonstrate sound judgment, care, discretion, and requires dedication to learning, reflection, and self awareness
Define volition
A subjective view of one’s satisfaction with life experiences
Define Reductionistic
Looking at individuals parts rather than whole
Health vs Well-being
Health-Presence of positive emotions/ absence of negative ones, satisfaction with life, fulfillment, positive functioning.
Well-being- satisfaction with participation in occupations & daily activities that enhance quality of life.
Define deductive reasoning
Reaching a conclusion based on facts or statements
Inductive reasoning
Method of reasoning that has an element of probability
What is quantitative research
Can be presented in numerical form
Test-retest reliability vs interrater
1.using the same test over test over time and getting the same results
2.using the same test conducted by different people and achieving similar results
What is Qualitative data?
More subjective
Textural Data that describes qualities and characteristics.
-used if you want to understand a concept, thought, or experience
4 criteria for trustworthy qualitative research
Credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability
Thomas Kidner
Friend of George Barton and fellow architect and teacher. Established a presence of OT in vocational rehab.
Gary Kielhofner
Developed the model of human occupation MOHO
-provided tools for 21 new assessments
What are the four main steps in the OT process?
Evaluation, intervention plan, implementation, and assessing the outcomes
