Exam 3 Flashcards
how long does it take for fetal development in dogs and cats
63 days
canine
how long is neonatal stage
14 days
canine
explain neonatal stage
limited motor ability
righting reflex present
sensitive to touch, taste, and smell
eyes and ears closed and nonfunctional
completely reliant on dam
what should be done to canines in neonatal stage
short periods of daily, gentle handling expedites physical and behavioral development
they will be more confident, exploring, social dominant and friendly towards humans
canine
when does transition stage occur
complete reliance to independence
11-21 days
canine
explain transition period
begins with opening of eyes and ends with opening of ear canals
startle easily
begin to stand and walk
begin to eliminate outside nest, licking by dam not needed
start play fighting and displaying social signals
canine
when is socialization period
3-12 weeks of age
canine
explain socialization stage
sensitive time for long lasting social attachments
if deprived of social play can lead to fear/aggression
most influential learning period
SAFE socialization- need to be vax
start socialization to other species
avoid traumatic experiences
canine
when is juvenile period
3-4 months to sexual maturity (6 months)
canine
explain juvenile period
may experience fear period
no exposure before this time= feral or globally fearful
canine
when is adolescent period
sexual maturity (6 month) to 2-3 years
canine
explain adolescent period
rapid growth
territorial behavior, increased independence
reinforcement of socialization
what are canines that are at risk for behavioral problems
feral pups
hand reared pups
lack of or no socialization
feline
when is neonatal stage
birth-3 weeks
feline
explain neonatal stage
strong righting reflex
sensitive to tough, taste and smell
feline
when does queen teach prey behavior
3 weeks
feline
when is socialization period
2-10 weeks
feline
explain socialization period
sensitive time for cat-cat and cat-human socialization
feline
when does social play begin
4 weeks
feline
when does independent prey behavior start
5 weeks
feline
when is juvenile period
2-3 months
what are kittens that are at risk for behavioral problems
feral kittens
hand-reared kittens if isolated
when to adopt dog and cats
dog: 8-10 weeks
cat: 10-12 weeks
what is positive reinforcement
add stimulus to increase behavior
what is negative reinforcement
remove stimulus to increase behavior
what is positive punishment
add stimulus to decrease behavior
what is negative punishment
removes stimulus to decrease behavior
what is extinction
withholding or removing and reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior
“unlearning”
must identify the reinforces for an unwanted behavior
takes alot of time
what are the 2 blood components
cellular
liquid
blood
what is part of the cellular portion (3) and what do they do
RBC- carry oxygen
WBC- fight disease
platelets- coagulates and turns to a clot
blood
what is liquid portion of it
90% water
10% dissolved solids
whole blood = ____
anticoagulated blood with both liquid and cellular portions of blood
what is plasma
liquid portion of whole blood (blood with anticoagulated)
how to get plasma
centrifuge anticoagulated whole blood then the plasma is removed and transferred
what is serum
liquid portion of clotted blood (no anticoagulant)
how to get serum
blood is collected into red top and sits to clot then centrifuged
what are the 3 types of anticoagulants
EDTA- lavender top
Heparin- chemistries green
Citrate- blue top tube, commonly used for clotting studies
what are the 2 types of clot tubes
red top- no anticoagulant, no serum Seperator
serum Seperator tube- contain silicone gel which separates cells from serum during centrifuge
what are the by products of urine
water- 95%
dissolved substance’s and formed elements- 5%
dissolved parts is from waste product of metabolism
why do we test urine
sediment ID
chemical assessment
filtration ability of kidneys- specific gravity
what is CSF
cerebral spinal fluid which is a neuro test
what are the functions of food
provide nutriments
energy
growth
chemical substances needed
maintain normal temp
body repair
immune system
what are factors that affect energy req
activity level
temperament
age and health status
environment
temp
pregnancy/nursing
nutrition
explain importance of water
primary nutrient for the body
nutrition
explain importance of fat
most concentrated source of energy (2 times more than carbs)
deficiency in fat usually cause what
skin issues
dry skin, dermatitis, impaired healing, decreased fertiltiy
nutrition
what is important of protein
protein makes up AA
AA are like legos that are different sizes and colors that create many things
Essential AA are AA that body doesn’t produce and needs to be in diet
structural components of the body
used as energy source
what are the essential AA needed for k9 and feline
k9- 10 essential AA
feline- 11 essential AA
nutrition
what is important of carbs
simple- broken down quickly by body
complex- molecular larger, complex chains, fiber
what is difference between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins
water soluble- dissolve in water
fat soluble- absorbed and stored in bodys fatty tissue in liver
what are the 4 types of fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
what are kibble/dry diets
7-12% moisture
bake it down
pro: more affordable
what are semi-moist diets
25-30% moisture
pro: palatable
con: preservatives present, higher in soluble sugars and simple carbs
what are canned diets
78-82% moisture
pro: palatable, preservative free
con: once open has to be stored properly, more expensive
how is food labeled
listed in order by weight but can be manipulated by separating ingredients
what is AAFCO
American association of feed control officials
regulatory body that defies ingredients and develops uniform language
doesn’t enforce
what is enteral
mouth feeding
what is parental
admin food elsewhere in body
what is IV nutrition
TPN
what is Naso esophageal tube
through the nose into the stomach
only can be used for 1 week
what is esophagostomy tube
tube placed through esophagus into the stomach
think of Theo the rotty
what is PEG tube
percutaneous endoscopic gastric tube
placed directly into stomach
good for patients needing long term feeding
