Exam 1 Flashcards
what does sanitation do
prevent the spread of disease from animal to animal, animal to human, fomite to animal, environment to animal,
define fomite
non-living things that can transfer disease
what is a nosocomial infection
infections contracted in a hospital/clinic setting
what iatrogenic infection
infections cause/by during invasive procedures
what are the AKC groups
hound
terrier
sporting
herding
toy
working
non-sporting
what must a registered dog have
must have appropriate to breed characteristics
must have purebred sire/dam
dewclaws and tail docking
what is a female dog
bitch
dam
when do bitches reach sexual maturity
6 months although ultimately depends on the breed
when do bitches go into heat and how many times
6 months
typically go into heat every 2 times per year
how long is gestation for dogs
63 days
what is dog parturition
whelping
what is medical term for spay
ovariohysterectomy
what is male dog called
stud or dog
when do male dogs reach sexual maturity
6 months but depends on breed
what is medical term for neuter
orchidectomy or orchiectomy
what is relaxed, neutral, approachable for dogs
tail is half mast or wagging
stance is relaxed
ears are up or relaxed
soft eyes
what is threatened “aggressive” dog behavior
growling or barking
showing teeth/snarling
hair standing
tense body
dilated eyes
what is dominant dog behavior
tail set up high
high stance
weight on forelegs
retract lips
may lunge forward
what is FAS dog behavior
semi-crouched stance
head, neck, ears, tail are lowered
backing away
sclera may be showing
trembling, yawning, salivating, licking lips
what is submissive dog behavior
tail is tucked
exposed belly
ears down and back
when bitten or scratched what do i do
wash injury with antibacterial soap
ice pack if swelling
incident report filled out
seek medical attention if warranted
what are feline characteristics
semi-solitary
distinct personalities
territorial
special senses
what are special senses of cats
exceptional night vision (6 times better than humans)
exceptional hearing
tactile whiskers
what is a female cat
queen
when are queens sexually mature
at 6 months
when do queens go into heat
seasonally polyestrous
photoperiod related can go into heat every 2 weeks.
how long is queen gestation
63 days
what is parturition in cats
queening
name of male cats
toms
when are toms sexually mature
6 months
what is relaxed cat body language
tail relaxed
body relaxed
ears up or relaxed
what are upset cat warning signs
tail flicking
eyes dilated
tense body
roll/twist to avoid
vocalize
ears back
defensive cat behavior
more vocalization- spitting, yowling
arch body
ears forward
hair up
crouched at the back/hiding
tail is inverted L
aggressive cat behavior
direct stare
tend to approach
lunge or strike
what is physical exam
diagnostic test
serves as the basis for subsequent assessment and intervention
normal vs abnormal
what is the signalment for PE
name
age
breed
gender
what are the primary vitals
temp
pulse and heart rate
respiration
weight
normal temp range for cats and dogs
dogs- 100-102.2
cats- 100-102.2
how to get a rate of anything
count number of breaths, pulses, heart pumps over 15 seconds and multiply by 4
what is normal HR/pulse for canine and feline
canine- 60-160 BPM
feline- 140-220 BPM
true/false
HR and pulse should correspond
true
what is tachycardia
high HR/pulse
what is bradycardia
low HR/pulse
what is pulse deficit
pulse is lower than HR
what is a regular heart rhythm
normal rrythm
what is irregular heart rrhythm
arrythmia
what is sinus arrythmia
is it normal for dogs
is it normal for cats
rate will increase when pet inhales and decreases when exhales
normal in dogs NOT cats
what is a murmur
softening of the edges of the normal crisp heart sound
caused by abnormal blood flow through the heart
what is normal respiration in dogs and cats
canine- 16-32 RPM
feline- 20-42 RPM
what is tachypnea
high respiration
what is bradypnea
low respiration
what is eupnea
normal breathing
what is dyspnea
difficulty breathing
what are the secondary vitals
mucus membranes (MM)
capillary refill time (CRT)
skin tent (ST)
where can MM be used
gums, vulva, prepuce
what does pink, pale, muddy, injected, cyanotic, icteric/jaundice for MM mean
pink- normal
cyanotic- blue no oxygen
injected- bright red shock
muddy- dark red shock
pale- white
what do we observe for MM
color and if they are moist or tacky
MM normal range for dogs and cats
dogs- pink
cats- pink/light pink
what is CRT normal range for dogs and cats
canine- 1-2sec
feline- 1-2sec
what is normal skin tent
immediately
what is general condition
gross abnormalities
attitude
BCS
Integument= skin and coat
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Mouth/throat
Abdomen
Genitals
Rectum
Extremities
Neck/back
neurologic
lung sound
lymph nodes
how to PE integument
texture- oily, dry shiny
dander
alopecia
euthymia
staining
scales, crust
flea dirt, ectoparasites
lesions
how to PE eyes
eyelid abnormalities
conjunctiva
discharge
sclera
cornea
lens
how to PE ears
pinna
external ear canal
otoscope to visualize horizontal canal and tympanum
how to PE nose
discharge
dryness
lesions
how to PE mouth/throat
dental formula- missing teeth, broken, retained
jaw alignment
gingiva
lesion
growths
how to PE abdomen
place one hand on each side of abdomen, fingers pointing upward press fingertips of each hand gently inward toward the other hand
palpate in quadrants and note any discomfort
how to PE genitals
check female vulva, see if spay incision
check male testicles, prepuce, penis
check nipples, mammary gland
how to PE rectum- perianul
gross exam- abnormalities
rectal- not routinely performed unless indicated
how to PE extremities
palpate bone, muscle, joints
range of motion
note any abnormalities
assess symmetry
how to PE neck/back
gross deformities
palpate soft tissue
assess mobility
palpate spine
how to PE neurologic
hearing
sight
coordination- righting reflex
how to PE lungs
listen to 9 quadrants
listen to trachea
cough- productive vs nonproductive
normal lung sounds name
abnormal lung sounds name
normal- clear
abnormal- rales
how to PE lymph nodes
bilateral paired
measured 2 dimensionally in milimeter
how many lymph nodes
5
where is mandibular lymph nodes located
under lower jaw
where is popliteal lymph nodes located
caudal to stifle
where is prescapular lymph nodes located
in front of shoulder
where is inguinal lymph nodes located
inside thigh
where is axillary lymph nodes located
armpit
which 2 lymph nodes can be felt normally
mandibular and popliteal
