exam 3 Flashcards
Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose to the geriatric patient?
Decreased renal clearance
Slowing of drug absorption
Liver impairment
All of the above
All of the above
All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except:
Weight of 2.1 kg
Immature liver function and inability to eliminate excess bilirubin
Infants normally rapidly adapt by initiating active respiration
4-6 months for the infants body weight to double
Weight of 2.1 kg
Which of these statements are true.
Regular exercise can improve the quality of life among geriatric patients
Exercise can help prevent depression and other diseases
Proper nutrition is important along with exercise
All of these statements are true
All of these statements are true
Which test would be likely to show an increase in value in a geriatric patient?
Calcium
Testosterone
ANAs
Aldosterone
ANAs
It is easy to find healthy adults, over 65, with no preexisting conditions, to use to develop normal ranges.
True
False
False
Which of the following conditions are related to acidosis in the pediatric patient?
Anoxia and trauma during delivery
Respiratory distress syndrome
Hyperammoneima caused by liver disease
Hyperventilation
Anoxia and trauma during delivery
Which of the following biomarkers are found in high concentrations in neonates as compared to adults?
Creatinine
Ammonia
Uric acid levels
Total immunoglobulins
Ammonia
What are special considerations that need to be taken into account with regards to neonatal blood collections. (select all that apply)
Sample should always be keep on ice
Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
Should be processed on large automation
Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss
Which of the following choices is false concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)?
The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
The capillary specimen is likely contaminated with interstitial fluid
Venous blood contains higher bilirubin and calcium concentrations
Capillary blood contains less concentrated proteins dues to mixing with interstitial fluid
The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
Specimens for porphyrin testing do not need to be protected from light.
True
False
False
Match the porphyria with its symptom type. (answers may be used more than once)
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) Neuropsychiatric
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) Neuropsychiatric
Variegate porphyria (VP) Neuropsychiatric
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) Neuropsychiatric
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) Neuropsychiatric
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) Cutaneous
Variegate porphyria (VP) Neuropsychiatric
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) Cutaneous
Which statement about secondary porphyrinurias is not true.
Can be caused by liver disease and heavy metal poisoning
Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
Not due to an inherited defect in heme synthesis
Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
Match the word to the definition that best defines it.
Porphyrias A group of rare disorders that result from
disturbances in heme synthesis
Hemoglobinopathies Disorders that have qualitative defects in
the hemoglobin molecule
Myoglobin A simple heme protein found in cardiac and
skeletal muscles
Thalassemias Quantitative defects in the production of
hemoglobin molecules
Heme The prosthetic group of hemoglobin
esponsible for binding oxygen
Porphyrias A group of rare disorders that result from
disturbances in heme synthesis
Hemoglobinopathies Disorders that have qualitative defects in
the hemoglobin molecule
Myoglobin A simple heme protein found in cardiac and
skeletal muscles
Thalassemias Quantitative defects in the production of
hemoglobin molecules
Heme The prosthetic group of hemoglobin
esponsible for binding oxygen
The aqueous solubility of porphyrins varies with the number of carboxylic acid substitutes present in that particular porphyrin compound.
True
False
True
How many pyrrole rings make up a porphyrin ring?
3
4
6
10
4
This is chelated to the porphyrin ring to form heme.
Calcium
Iron
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Iron
Which type of porphyria is not considered chronic?
Hereditary coproporphyria
Congenital erythroportic porphyria
Erythroportic porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Hereditary coproporphyria
Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen that may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of the porphyrias?
Caraway test
Gutman test
Jendreassik-Grok test
Watson-Schwartz test
Watson-Schwartz test
The most common abnormalities in the structure of hemoglobin is:
Amino acid deletions
Elongated hemoglobin chains
Fused or hybrid chains
Amino acid substitutions
Amino acid substitutions
Put in the order of electrophoretic mobility (slowest to fastest) on cellulose acetate.
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin A
Which of the following hormones is responsible for the stimulation of ductal epithelial cell secretion of bicarbonate?
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Insulin
Secretin
If this area of the pancreas becomes affected by cancer there is high potential that it will go undetected and lead to greater morbidity and mortality in the patient.
Head
Body
Neck
Tail
Tail
Which of the following is not true regarding normal pancreatic fluid?
It is clear, colorless, and watery
It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
It maintains an alkaline pH
It has the same concentration of potassium and sodium as serum
It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
The hormone responsible for the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas is:
Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Ghrelin
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) hormone
Cholecystokinin
The exocrine function of the pancreas includes the production of insulin and glucagon.
True
False
False
The recommended specimen requirement for steatorrhea is a:
12-stool collection
24-hour stool collection
48-hour stool collection
72-hour stool collection
72-hour stool collection
In patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal fat is often decreased and fecal enzymes are increased.
True
False
False
The Ampulla of Vater is where the pancreas and stomach join together
True
False
False
Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes.
Alpha Insulin
Beta Glucagon
Delta Somatostatin
Gamma Ghrelin
Epsilon Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Alpha Glucagon
Beta Insulin
Delta Somatostatin
Gamma Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Epsilon Ghrelin
The Acinar cells produce hormones in the pancreas.
True
False
False
This test may be used because it is a non-invasive, indirect indicator of moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Fecal Fat–Sudan staining
Fecal chymotrypsin
Fecal elastase-1
Cholecystokinin
Fecal elastase-1
There are no associated risks with using TPN for patients who need it.
True
False
False
Match the term with the description.
Marasmus A diet deficient in protein but adequate in
calories
Kwashiorkor A diet deficient in protein and
calories
Marasmus A diet deficient in protein and calories
Kwashiorkor A diet deficient in protein but adequate in
calories
Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.
True
False
False
Which of these vitamins is water soluble? Select all correct answers
Vitamin B6
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
This deficiency in this vitamin is associated with hair loss, anorexia, and depression. It is often found in hair products and supplements. Taking supplements that contain this may cause interference with certain test assays.
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin C
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Select the two most common tests run to differentiate the reason behind a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.
Folate
Vitamin D
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12
Folate
Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.
True
False
False
If you had the following lab results, what would condition would you expect to see:
Transferrin increased, Ferritin decreased, % saturation decreased, TIBC increased
Iron overdose
Iron deficiency
Malnutrition
Chronic infection
Iron deficiency
Match the term with its description.
TIBC The major iron storage protein for the body
Ferritin The Fe3+ bound to transferrin
Transferrin The theoretical amount of iron that could be
bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
Serum iron The primary plasma iron transport protein
TIBC The theoretical amount of iron that could be
bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
Ferritin The major iron storage protein for the body
Transferrin The primary plasma iron transport protein
Serum iron The Fe3+ bound to transferrin
Match the terms and their definitions.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Determination of element quantity
through the absorption of optical
radiation by free atoms in the gas
phase
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Quantification of an element by
measuring the intensity of emitted
radiation from an aerosolized
sample
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Quantification of an element by
measuring the intensity of emitted
radiation from an aerosolized
sample
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Determination of element quantity
through the absorption of optical
radiation by free atoms in the gas
phase
This element is widely used in industrial and household ways, and interferes with enzyme activity. It is associated with encephalopathy, anemia, bone disease and progressive dementia. It is excreted mainly in the urine.
Copper
Aluminum
Cadmium
Arsenic
Aluminum
An employee at a local glass blowing and manufacturing facility is admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital due to severe anxiety and constant bouts of compulsive laughing and crying. Given these symptoms, what kind of heavy metal toxicity should be expected?
Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Selenium
Manganese
Over the decades, this element has been considered a toxic element, a carcinogen, essential element, and an anti-carcinogen. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.
Zinc
Selenium
Copper
Molybdenum
Selenium
This heavy metal has both an essential form and a toxic, nonessential form. When absorbed it will be bound by transferrin and transported by albumin.
Chromium
Cadmium
Copper
Aluminum
Chromium
