Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the two types of chi squared tests?
Goodness of fit
Test of independence
Goodness of fit chi squared test
Comparing frequencies of one variable to known frequencies of another (rolling dice, coin flip, expected color in bag)
Test of independence chi squared
Observed frequencies of two variables (categorical) (are they related or independent of one another)
What are the assumptions for chi squared?
Frequencies are individual counts, not rank or %
Categories are mutually exclusive (only fits in one box)
What does the chi squared test look at?
Expected frequency over actual frequency
When do you choose a non parametric test for chi squared?
If a cell has less than 5
What test do you choose if a frequency is greater than 5?
Chi squared x^2 test
What do you choose if a frequency is less than 5?
Fishers exact test
What is McNemar test?
Paired test of association
What does an R of 0.00 to 0.25 equal?
Little to no relationship
What does an R of 0.26 to 0.50 equal?
Fair relationship
What does an R of 0.51 to 0.75 equal?
Moderate to good
What does an R of 0.76 to 1.00 equal?
Good to excellent
Cohens criteria
Small R= .10
Medium R= .30
Large R= .50
What type of data is Pearson R?
Ratio/interval
What type of data is spearman Rho?
Ordinal (non parametric of pearson r)
What type of data is chi squared?
Dichotomous/nominal
Interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)
For interval/ratio continuous scale score
Cohens kappa coefficients
For ordinal/nominal categorical scale scores (non parametric counter part of ICCs)
What is the first number in an ICC?
Model
What is the second number in an ICC?
Form
What type of model is inter rater reliability?
Model 2
What type of model is an intra rater reliability?
Model 3
What type of model is a test retest reliability?
Model 2
What is a score >.90 in an ICC mean?
Best for clinical measurements
What is a score >.75 in an ICC mean?
Good reliability
What does a score of <.75 in an ICC mean?
Poor to moderate
What does a score of <0.4 in kappa coefficient mean?
Poor to fair
What does a score of 0.4-0.6 in kappa coefficient mean?
Moderate
What does a score 0.6 to 0.8 in a kappa coefficient mean?
Substantial
What does a score 0.8 to 1.0 in kappa coefficient mean?
Excellent
What does SEM equal?
Absolute measure of reliability
What can SEM be used to create?
Confidence interval
What are ICC/kappa used for?
Reliability
What are spearman/pearson used for?
Validity
What does it mean if you have an odds ratio of 4?
You are 4x greater to get the dependent variable if you do the independent variable
What does it mean when the odds ratio is 1?
Null hypothesis (1x as likely)
What does NNT mean?
How many patients you have to provide treatment to in order to prevent one bad outcome
What does a score in an NNT mean?
Closer to 1 the better
What does it mean if a question contains prediction?
Regression
What are the assumptions of a linear regression analysis?
There is a linear relationship
DV= continuous
How do you determine if something is a linear regression analysis?
DV= continuous
How do you determine if something is a simple linear regression?
Has 1 independent variable
How do you determine if something is a multiple linear regression?
2+ independent variables
How do you determine if something is a logistic regression analysis?
DV= dichotomous
What are the clinical prediction rules?
Derivation
Validation
Impact analysis
What does correlation not ever equal?
Causation
What is an internal consistency: Cronbachs alpha used to do?
Correlate items on a questionnaire
What type of data is used in an ICC?
Continuous
What type of data is used in a kappa?
Categorical data
How can you tell if an odd ratio is statistically significant?
If the CI cross 1 or not
Which type of analysis does the clinical prediction rule use?
Regression
