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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T tests

A

When there are only 2 levels in a test with 1 independent variable

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2
Q

ANOVA

A

When you have more than 1 independent variable and more than 3 levels

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3
Q

What type of stats are T-tests and ANOVA?

A

Parametric inferential stats

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4
Q

What are the basic assumptions for all parametric tests?

A

Samples are randomly drawn from populations

Normal distributions

Homogeneity of variance within groups

Continuous data (ratio and interval)

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5
Q

Factor

A

Variable manipulated by experimenter (independent variable)

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6
Q

Level

A

Groups/conditions being compared

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7
Q

Repeated measures factor

A

Within subjects

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8
Q

Non repeated factors

A

Between subjects

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9
Q

One way ANOVA

A

Compare means of 3+ groups with 1 independent variable with 3+ levels

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10
Q

Two way ANOVA

A

Compare means of 3+ groups with 2 independent variables with 3+ levels

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11
Q

Repeated measures ANOVA

A

Repeats measures overtime accounting for successive measurement in the same individual (within subjects)

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12
Q

What has more statistical power than one way ANOVA?

A

Repeated measures ANOVA

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13
Q

Mixed design ANOVA

A

Both between and within subjects (two way ANOVA with one repeated measure)

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14
Q

What are mixed design ANOVA most commonly used in?

A

RCT

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15
Q

Type 1 error

A

When you say there is a change but you should not have

False positive

Rejecting the null when you should not have

Liar

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16
Q

Type 2 error

A

When you say there was not a change but there was

False negative

Fail to reject the null when you should have

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17
Q

P value

A

Score you get that you compare to alpha (if less than alpha than statistically significant, if more than not statistically significant)

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18
Q

When should you perform a post hoc?

A

After ANOVA

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19
Q

What does a post hoc test?

A

Every difference so it is exploratory (most common)

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20
Q

Bonferroni calculation

A

Divide alpha by number of planned comparisons

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21
Q

What is the goal of the bonferroni calculations?

A

Decrease family wise error rate

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22
Q

What must the bonferroni calculation balance?

A

Type 1 and type 2 error

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23
Q

Between subjects

A

Two groups doing two separate tests (vertical jump one with shoes one without)

24
Q

Within subjects

A

Same group doing two different tests (same group does vertical with shoes and then without)

25
Disordinal interaction
Lines cross Cannot interpret significant main effects
26
Ordinal interaction
Lines don’t cross Can interpret significant main effects
27
What does lines parallel mean?
No interaction
28
What does lines not parallel mean?
Interaction
29
What are the assumptions for a repeated measures ANOVA?
Sphericity- homogeneity of variance of differences Test with mauchlys test of sphericity Non significant finding means no difference in variance If fail assumption use correction/ adjusted p value
30
What is the type of statistical analysis used in a RCT?
2x2 ANOVA- mixed design
31
What is an ANCOVA example?
1 independent variable with 2 levels Dependent variable is continuous
32
Covariant
When you cannot control a variable through research design and sampling
33
Covariate
Can effect the outcome of the study but is not of interest in a study
34
What are the basic assumptions of ANCOVA?
The usual ones plus Linear relationships between covariant and dependent variable (as one variable changes so does the other) Homogeneity of slopes (relationship between covariate and dependent variable is the same for both groups)
35
What are the rules of the covariate in ANCOVA?
Must be associated with the dependent variable and relate to each group in the same way and should be measured/assessed prior to the start of the intervention
36
What are all covariates highly correlated to?
A dependent variable and not correlated with one another
37
What is more powerful ANOVA or MANOVA?
MANOVA
38
Most randomized controlled trials include which statistical analysis?
Mixed model ANOVA
39
What is an example of a one way ANOVA?
Measuring stress during meditation of DPT students and they are all tested in 3 positions
40
When is bonferroni used?
When an ANOVA is statistically significant
41
What is the F statistic in ANOVA?
Effect size (larger F stat= larger effect size)
42
Which is most powerful tests?
Paired t test Repeated measures ANOVA
43
What does sphericity apply to?
Repeated measures ANOVA (all other assumptions are the same in both ANOVAs and T tests)
44
If different between groups exists before data collection what should be considered?
ANCOVA
45
When should you use a MANOVA?
Where there is multiple dependent variables (outcomes)
46
When is an ANOVA more likely to be statistically significant?
When F is bigger
47
When between group variance is bigger than within group variance what does this mean?
It is more likely to be significantly significant
48
What do repeated measures ANOVA and paired t test have in common?
Within group
49
Why would you use an ANCOVA?
When there is differences between groups at baseline
50
If a question says data is skewed or bimodel that means what?
Nonparametric
51
What is more powerful between parametric tests and nonparametric tests?
Parametric testing
52
What is used for nonparametric testing?
Median
53
What is used for parametric testing?
Mean
54
What is the non parametric test or an unpaired t test (independent) (between subjects)?
Mann Whitney U test
55
What is the non parametric test or a paired t test (dependent) (within subjects)?
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
56
What is the non parametric test or a one way ANOVA?
Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA
57
What is the non parametric test or a repeated measures ANOVA?
Friedmans

EBP 2 (3 decks)

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