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EBP 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T tests

A

When there are only 2 levels in a test with 1 independent variable

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2
Q

ANOVA

A

When you have more than 1 independent variable and more than 3 levels

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3
Q

What type of stats are T-tests and ANOVA?

A

Parametric inferential stats

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4
Q

What are the basic assumptions for all parametric tests?

A

Samples are randomly drawn from populations

Normal distributions

Homogeneity of variance within groups

Continuous data (ratio and interval)

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5
Q

Factor

A

Variable manipulated by experimenter (independent variable)

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6
Q

Level

A

Groups/conditions being compared

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7
Q

Repeated measures factor

A

Within subjects

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8
Q

Non repeated factors

A

Between subjects

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9
Q

One way ANOVA

A

Compare means of 3+ groups with 1 independent variable with 3+ levels

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10
Q

Two way ANOVA

A

Compare means of 3+ groups with 2 independent variables with 3+ levels

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11
Q

Repeated measures ANOVA

A

Repeats measures overtime accounting for successive measurement in the same individual (within subjects)

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12
Q

What has more statistical power than one way ANOVA?

A

Repeated measures ANOVA

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13
Q

Mixed design ANOVA

A

Both between and within subjects (two way ANOVA with one repeated measure)

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14
Q

What are mixed design ANOVA most commonly used in?

A

RCT

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15
Q

Type 1 error

A

When you say there is a change but you should not have

False positive

Rejecting the null when you should not have

Liar

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16
Q

Type 2 error

A

When you say there was not a change but there was

False negative

Fail to reject the null when you should have

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17
Q

P value

A

Score you get that you compare to alpha (if less than alpha than statistically significant, if more than not statistically significant)

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18
Q

When should you perform a post hoc?

A

After ANOVA

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19
Q

What does a post hoc test?

A

Every difference so it is exploratory (most common)

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20
Q

Bonferroni calculation

A

Divide alpha by number of planned comparisons

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21
Q

What is the goal of the bonferroni calculations?

A

Decrease family wise error rate

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22
Q

What must the bonferroni calculation balance?

A

Type 1 and type 2 error

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23
Q

Between subjects

A

Two groups doing two separate tests (vertical jump one with shoes one without)

24
Q

Within subjects

A

Same group doing two different tests (same group does vertical with shoes and then without)

25
Q

Disordinal interaction

A

Lines cross

Cannot interpret significant main effects

26
Q

Ordinal interaction

A

Lines don’t cross

Can interpret significant main effects

27
Q

What does lines parallel mean?

A

No interaction

28
Q

What does lines not parallel mean?

A

Interaction

29
Q

What are the assumptions for a repeated measures ANOVA?

A

Sphericity- homogeneity of variance of differences

Test with mauchlys test of sphericity

Non significant finding means no difference in variance

If fail assumption use correction/ adjusted p value

30
Q

What is the type of statistical analysis used in a RCT?

A

2x2 ANOVA- mixed design

31
Q

What is an ANCOVA example?

A

1 independent variable with 2 levels

Dependent variable is continuous

32
Q

Covariant

A

When you cannot control a variable through research design and sampling

33
Q

Covariate

A

Can effect the outcome of the study but is not of interest in a study

34
Q

What are the basic assumptions of ANCOVA?

A

The usual ones plus

Linear relationships between covariant and dependent variable (as one variable changes so does the other)

Homogeneity of slopes (relationship between covariate and dependent variable is the same for both groups)

35
Q

What are the rules of the covariate in ANCOVA?

A

Must be associated with the dependent variable and relate to each group in the same way and should be measured/assessed prior to the start of the intervention

36
Q

What are all covariates highly correlated to?

A

A dependent variable and not correlated with one another

37
Q

What is more powerful ANOVA or MANOVA?

A

MANOVA

38
Q

Most randomized controlled trials include which statistical analysis?

A

Mixed model ANOVA

39
Q

What is an example of a one way ANOVA?

A

Measuring stress during meditation of DPT students and they are all tested in 3 positions

40
Q

When is bonferroni used?

A

When an ANOVA is statistically significant

41
Q

What is the F statistic in ANOVA?

A

Effect size (larger F stat= larger effect size)

42
Q

Which is most powerful tests?

A

Paired t test

Repeated measures ANOVA

43
Q

What does sphericity apply to?

A

Repeated measures ANOVA (all other assumptions are the same in both ANOVAs and T tests)

44
Q

If different between groups exists before data collection what should be considered?

A

ANCOVA

45
Q

When should you use a MANOVA?

A

Where there is multiple dependent variables (outcomes)

46
Q

When is an ANOVA more likely to be statistically significant?

A

When F is bigger

47
Q

When between group variance is bigger than within group variance what does this mean?

A

It is more likely to be significantly significant

48
Q

What do repeated measures ANOVA and paired t test have in common?

A

Within group

49
Q

Why would you use an ANCOVA?

A

When there is differences between groups at baseline

50
Q

If a question says data is skewed or bimodel that means what?

A

Nonparametric

51
Q

What is more powerful between parametric tests and nonparametric tests?

A

Parametric testing

52
Q

What is used for nonparametric testing?

A

Median

53
Q

What is used for parametric testing?

A

Mean

54
Q

What is the non parametric test or an unpaired t test (independent) (between subjects)?

A

Mann Whitney U test

55
Q

What is the non parametric test or a paired t test (dependent) (within subjects)?

A

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

56
Q

What is the non parametric test or a one way ANOVA?

A

Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA

57
Q

What is the non parametric test or a repeated measures ANOVA?

A

Friedmans

EBP 2 (3 decks)

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