exam 3

Question 1

competence

Answer 1

patients ability to understand a situation and make a choice based on their understanding
–> patient must communicate choices, patient understands alternatives, patient understands risks

Question 2

substituted judgement standard

Answer 2

surrogate decision makers–> how would the ward make the decision if they were fully competent

Question 3

best interest standard

Answer 3

decision made on behalf of incompetent patients

Question 4

disclosure standards in informed consent

Answer 4

information that a reasonable person would need to make an informed decision

Question 5

fiduciary relationship

Answer 5

a relationship between 2 people involving a special trust and the need to maintain confidences

Question 6

patient care partnership

Answer 6

document that tells patients their rights/responsibilities.

Question 7

genetic test result challenges

Answer 7

there must be sensitivity due to relationship impacts, potential discrimination, and unexpected findings
–> there is a right NOT to know

Question 8

informed consent in research

Answer 8

with/without risk to patient, they must get informed consent (information must be provided before consent is acquired

Question 9

placebo effect

Answer 9

physiologic effect of endorphins
–> can lead to loss of trust or inadequate diagnosis

Question 10

battery

Answer 10

offensive touching without a person’s consent

Question 11

tort

Answer 11

civil wrong which infringes right and that causes harm

Question 12

acute care vs chronic care

Answer 12

acute care: treatment for brief but severe episodes of illness
chronic care: chronic disease continue to evolve and are not preventable which requires extra care

Question 13

achieving a caring response in chronic disease care

Answer 13

focus on quality of life
–> clinical interventions may improve quality of life or not
–> expectations of cure may/may not be realistic
–> long term medical or social services may need the voice of an advocate
–> caregivers may need rest

Question 14

quality of life at end of life

Answer 14

offer comfort, patience with patient/family and prioritize what the patient deems important in quality of life

Question 15

abidement

Answer 15

patients need to believe and are relying on the healthcare providers sticking out with them
–> accept without objection

Question 16

supererogation

Answer 16

going above and beyond
–> more work than duty requires

Question 17

double effect

Answer 17

may be permissible to harm an individual if there is another effect that is positive
–> double effect one bad the other good
–> however the beneficial action must be intended

Question 18

palliative care

Answer 18

patient-centered, family-centered care optimizing quality of life (reduce/relieve severity of symptoms not cure)

Question 19

hospice care

Answer 19

working to maintain the patient as much as pain-free, comfortable, alert, and humane enviornment
–> no curative intent/no treatment

Question 20

medical futility

Answer 20

therapy that does not improve the patients medical condition
–> consider benefits to quality of life

Question 21

extraordinary measures

Answer 21

measures to save the person from death, not likely to improve patients conditions

Question 22

benefit-burden test

Answer 22

extending life but at what cost
–> consider cognitive. psychological, communication effects
(life should be extended as long as it is beneficial, when it becomes harmful than it can be questioned)

Question 23

advance directives/information/preferences that should be contained

Answer 23

written, legal documents kept with you, physician
–>provide instructions for medical care if you cannot communicate your own wishes (resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, tube feeding, dialysis)

Question 24

durable power of attorney

Answer 24

surrogate chosen to make treatment decisions (health care proxy)

Question 25

medically assisted suicide

Answer 25

physician provides means, patient does the act

Question 26

medical euthanasia

Answer 26

physician commits act medically