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Pharm > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Acamprostate

A

Agent for treating alcohol dependance

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2
Q

Acebutolol (ISA)
Atenolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol

A

Beta 1 selective beta-blocker

  • Decrease O2 consumption at rest
  • Decrease HR and contractility
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3
Q

Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Caffeine

A

Non-specific NSAID

-for headaches

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4
Q

Adenosine

A

Special class nucleoside for arrythmias

  • Binds G-protein, opens Ach sensitive K+ channels
  • Inhibits cAMP increases by SNS
  • For acute A-tach/fib
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5
Q

Albuterol

Terbutaline

A

Beta 2 agonist

  • For acute asthma attack
  • Causes bronchodilation
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6
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor

  • Prevents Angiotensin –> angiotensin 1 conversion
  • Long half life (24 hrs)
  • Don’t use in pregnancy
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7
Q

Alpha-methyl-DOPA

A

Antihypertensive

  • Centrally-acting Alpha-2 Agonist
  • Crosses BBB
  • Decreases HR, BP, TPR, VSM tone, renin release
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8
Q

Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide

(Amiloride/Spironolactone)

A

Thiazide diuretics for mild HTN

  • Lowers BP (15mmHg max)
  • Amiloride/Spironolactone make other two better and lower K+ loss

-Works well in blacks

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9
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III antiarrhythmic drug

  • K+ blocker
  • Prolonged refractory period (K+ block)
  • Sinus bradycardia (beta-adrenergic block)
  • Widened QRS complex (Na channel block)
  • Prolonged PR interval (slowed AV conduction)
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10
Q

Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Imipramine
Nortriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant (Amitriptyline for migrane)

  • Inhibit reuptake of NE/5-HT
  • Block serotonergic, noradrenergic, histaminergic, cholinergic muscarinic receptors
  • Increase hepatic enzymes = decrease effect
  • Decrease hepatic clearance = increase effect

-Take at night due to sedation

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11
Q

Amphetamine

A

CNS stimulant (MDMA, Ecstasy)

  • Stimulates presynaptic release of dopamine
  • Long term use = paranoia
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12
Q

Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone

A

Atypical Anti-Psychotic drug

  • Block Dopamine/5-HT
  • Low Extrapyramixal Side Effects
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13
Q 
Benazerpril
Captropril
Enalapril
Fosinopril
Lisinopril
A

ACE Inhibitors

  • Stops Angiotensin 1 –> Angiotensin 2
  • No orthostatic HTN
  • Loss of taste –> Not eating (death)
  • Don’t use with NSAIDs

-Less effective in blacks

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14
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A

Prevention of migraine by 7 injections at head/neck

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15
Q

Budesonide

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma treatment

  • Reduce inflammation
  • Improve pulmonary function in mild asthma
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16
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Treatment of heroin addiction

  • Partial µ opioid receptor agonist
  • Antagonist at kappa opioid receptor
  • Decreases craving, low potential for overdose, long duration of action
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17
Q

Bupropion

A

Antidepressant

  • Inhibit dopamine/NE
  • Stimulant, not sedative
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18
Q

Buspirone

A

Treat major depression, aid in smoking cessation

  • Partial agonist of 5-HT
  • Different from BZD - not sedative/anticonvulsant/muscle relaxant
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19
Q

Butorphanol

A

Opioid for acute/nonspecific migraine

-Nasal spray

20
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Antiepileptic involving Na+

-CYP3A4 induction

21
Q

Carvedilol

A 
Nonselective Beta-blockers
-slow heart rate
-Antianginal, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic
-Class II antiarrhythmic
-
22
Q 
Chlordiazepoxide
Clonazepam
Clorazepate
Diazepam
Flurazepam
Lorazepam
Temazepam
A

Benzodiazepines

  • Sedate
  • Antianxiety
  • skeletal muscle relaxation
  • Anticonvulsant, Anterograde amnesia

-Used for alcohol withdrawal/seizures

23
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical, low potency Antipsychotic

24
Q

Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline

A

SSRI

  • Antidepressant
  • Inhibit 5-HT
  • Different from tricyclic antidepressant bc no sedative, anticholinergic, hypotension, wt gain
25
Q

Clonidine

A

Centrally-acting Alpha-2 Agonist

  • Antihypertensive
  • Used for drug withdrawal/smoking cessation
26
Q

Cocaine

A

Psychostimulant

  • Traps dopamine in terminal
  • Increases BP/HR
  • SE: paranoia, arrhythmia, seizure, neurotoxic
  • OD treat with benzodiazepine
27
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid

  • Mixed with acetominophen or aspirin for mild pain
  • Mild-moderate opioid receptor agonist
28
Q

Cromolyn

A

Prophylaxis for asthma

  • Prevents histamine release from mast cells
  • Prevents bronchoconstriction
29
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

Opioid with antitussive effects

30
Q

Digitalis

A 
Cardiotonic Glycosides
Inhibit Na/K pump
-Increase myocardial contraction
-Increase vagal tone
-Depolarize membrane potential
31
Q

Digitoxin

A

Cardiotonic (Digitalis) Glycoside)

  • Needs to be protein bound
  • Hepatic eliminaiton
  • Inhibits Na/K pump
32
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiotonic (Digitalis) Glycoside)

  • Water soluble
  • Renal elimination
  • Narrow therapeutic window
33
Q

Dihydroertotamine (DHE)

A

Ergot Alkyloid

  • For migraines/acute cluster headaches
  • Non-specific serotonin agonists
  • Poor oral bioavailability
  • Can be more effective than triptans
34
Q

Diltiazem
Nifedipine
Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blockers

  • VSM relaxation, decreased TPR
  • Lowers Diastolic BP
  • Causes reflex tachycardia (death)
  • Works well in blacks
  • Nifedipine = Arteriolar only
35
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Opioid for treatment of diarrhea

-Mild-moderate opioid receptor agonist

36
Q

Disulfiram

A

Agents for treating alcohol dependance

  • Inhibits Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
  • Increases acetaldehyde
  • Causes acetaldehyde syndrome
37
Q

Divalproex Sodium

A

Antiepileptic drug of choice

  • Na+ mechanism
  • Causes hepatotoxicity, spina bifida
38
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta 1 agonist (slight B2)

  • Short term management of serious HF
  • Less tachycardia than Dopamine
39
Q

Dofetilide

A

K+ channel blocker

  • Class III antiarrhythmic
  • Chronic management of atrial arrhythmias
  • Selectively blocks rapid component of delayed rectifier
40
Q

Dopamine (and agonists)

A

Beta 1 agonist (D1 agonist)

  • Short-term management of HF
  • Vasodilate renal vasculature
  • Causes tachycardia
41
Q

Doxazosin

Prazosin

A

Alpha 1 selective antagonists

  • Treats mild-moderate HTN
  • Blocks vasoconstriction
  • Causes spontaneous syncope
  • Causes cardiac arrhythmais (sudden death)

-Causes priapism

42
Q

Duloxetine

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI’s

  • Block NE/5-HT
  • CYP2D6 metabolized
  • Treat generalized anxiety
43
Q

Ergotamine tartrate

A

Ergot Alkyloid

  • For migraines/acute cluster headaches
  • Non-specific serotonin agonists
  • Less effective than triptans
  • Severe vasoconstriction

-Oral bioavailability

44
Q

Ethanol

A 
12g/drink
1 drink/hr/100kg metabolized
-Follows zero order kinetics
-EtOH -> Acetaldehyde -> Acetate making NADH
-CYP2E1 alternate pathway making NADP+

Sedative, anxiolytic, motor effects
-Stimulation of GABA-gated Cl- channels

Intoxication/cognitive effects
-Inhibition of glutamate-gated Ca++ channels

Reward/reinforcement
-Altered dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission

45
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid (stronger than morphine)

  • Strong µ agonist
  • Available as a patch
46
Q

Flecainide

A

Class Ic antiarrhythmic
-Na+ blocker (K and Ca too)

  • Long T recovery
  • Inhibitor of conduction velocity and automaticity
  • Prolonged refractory period

-Hepatic metabolism

Pharm (9 decks)

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