Exam 3 Flashcards
Acamprostate
Agent for treating alcohol dependance
Acebutolol (ISA)
Atenolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol
Beta 1 selective beta-blocker
- Decrease O2 consumption at rest
- Decrease HR and contractility
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Caffeine
Non-specific NSAID
-for headaches
Adenosine
Special class nucleoside for arrythmias
- Binds G-protein, opens Ach sensitive K+ channels
- Inhibits cAMP increases by SNS
- For acute A-tach/fib
Albuterol
Terbutaline
Beta 2 agonist
- For acute asthma attack
- Causes bronchodilation
Aliskiren
Renin inhibitor
- Prevents Angiotensin –> angiotensin 1 conversion
- Long half life (24 hrs)
- Don’t use in pregnancy
Alpha-methyl-DOPA
Antihypertensive
- Centrally-acting Alpha-2 Agonist
- Crosses BBB
- Decreases HR, BP, TPR, VSM tone, renin release
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
(Amiloride/Spironolactone)
Thiazide diuretics for mild HTN
- Lowers BP (15mmHg max)
- Amiloride/Spironolactone make other two better and lower K+ loss
-Works well in blacks
Amiodarone
Class III antiarrhythmic drug
- K+ blocker
- Prolonged refractory period (K+ block)
- Sinus bradycardia (beta-adrenergic block)
- Widened QRS complex (Na channel block)
- Prolonged PR interval (slowed AV conduction)
Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Imipramine
Nortriptyline
Tricyclic Antidepressant (Amitriptyline for migrane)
- Inhibit reuptake of NE/5-HT
- Block serotonergic, noradrenergic, histaminergic, cholinergic muscarinic receptors
- Increase hepatic enzymes = decrease effect
- Decrease hepatic clearance = increase effect
-Take at night due to sedation
Amphetamine
CNS stimulant (MDMA, Ecstasy)
- Stimulates presynaptic release of dopamine
- Long term use = paranoia
Aripiprazole
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone
Atypical Anti-Psychotic drug
- Block Dopamine/5-HT
- Low Extrapyramixal Side Effects
Benazerpril Captropril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril
ACE Inhibitors
- Stops Angiotensin 1 –> Angiotensin 2
- No orthostatic HTN
- Loss of taste –> Not eating (death)
- Don’t use with NSAIDs
-Less effective in blacks
Botulinum Toxin
Prevention of migraine by 7 injections at head/neck
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma treatment
- Reduce inflammation
- Improve pulmonary function in mild asthma
Buprenorphine
Treatment of heroin addiction
- Partial µ opioid receptor agonist
- Antagonist at kappa opioid receptor
- Decreases craving, low potential for overdose, long duration of action
Bupropion
Antidepressant
- Inhibit dopamine/NE
- Stimulant, not sedative
Buspirone
Treat major depression, aid in smoking cessation
- Partial agonist of 5-HT
- Different from BZD - not sedative/anticonvulsant/muscle relaxant
Butorphanol
Opioid for acute/nonspecific migraine
-Nasal spray
Carbamazepine
Antiepileptic involving Na+
-CYP3A4 induction
Carvedilol
Nonselective Beta-blockers -slow heart rate -Antianginal, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic -Class II antiarrhythmic -
Chlordiazepoxide Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam Flurazepam Lorazepam Temazepam
Benzodiazepines
- Sedate
- Antianxiety
- skeletal muscle relaxation
- Anticonvulsant, Anterograde amnesia
-Used for alcohol withdrawal/seizures
Chlorpromazine
Typical, low potency Antipsychotic
Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
SSRI
- Antidepressant
- Inhibit 5-HT
- Different from tricyclic antidepressant bc no sedative, anticholinergic, hypotension, wt gain
Clonidine
Centrally-acting Alpha-2 Agonist
- Antihypertensive
- Used for drug withdrawal/smoking cessation
Cocaine
Psychostimulant
- Traps dopamine in terminal
- Increases BP/HR
- SE: paranoia, arrhythmia, seizure, neurotoxic
- OD treat with benzodiazepine
Codeine
Opioid
- Mixed with acetominophen or aspirin for mild pain
- Mild-moderate opioid receptor agonist
Cromolyn
Prophylaxis for asthma
- Prevents histamine release from mast cells
- Prevents bronchoconstriction
Dextromethorphan
Opioid with antitussive effects
Digitalis
Cardiotonic Glycosides Inhibit Na/K pump -Increase myocardial contraction -Increase vagal tone -Depolarize membrane potential
Digitoxin
Cardiotonic (Digitalis) Glycoside)
- Needs to be protein bound
- Hepatic eliminaiton
- Inhibits Na/K pump
Digoxin
Cardiotonic (Digitalis) Glycoside)
- Water soluble
- Renal elimination
- Narrow therapeutic window
Dihydroertotamine (DHE)
Ergot Alkyloid
- For migraines/acute cluster headaches
- Non-specific serotonin agonists
- Poor oral bioavailability
- Can be more effective than triptans
Diltiazem
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Calcium channel blockers
- VSM relaxation, decreased TPR
- Lowers Diastolic BP
- Causes reflex tachycardia (death)
- Works well in blacks
- Nifedipine = Arteriolar only
Diphenoxylate
Opioid for treatment of diarrhea
-Mild-moderate opioid receptor agonist
Disulfiram
Agents for treating alcohol dependance
- Inhibits Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
- Increases acetaldehyde
- Causes acetaldehyde syndrome
Divalproex Sodium
Antiepileptic drug of choice
- Na+ mechanism
- Causes hepatotoxicity, spina bifida
Dobutamine
Beta 1 agonist (slight B2)
- Short term management of serious HF
- Less tachycardia than Dopamine
Dofetilide
K+ channel blocker
- Class III antiarrhythmic
- Chronic management of atrial arrhythmias
- Selectively blocks rapid component of delayed rectifier
Dopamine (and agonists)
Beta 1 agonist (D1 agonist)
- Short-term management of HF
- Vasodilate renal vasculature
- Causes tachycardia
Doxazosin
Prazosin
Alpha 1 selective antagonists
- Treats mild-moderate HTN
- Blocks vasoconstriction
- Causes spontaneous syncope
- Causes cardiac arrhythmais (sudden death)
-Causes priapism
Duloxetine
Venlafaxine
SNRI’s
- Block NE/5-HT
- CYP2D6 metabolized
- Treat generalized anxiety
Ergotamine tartrate
Ergot Alkyloid
- For migraines/acute cluster headaches
- Non-specific serotonin agonists
- Less effective than triptans
- Severe vasoconstriction
-Oral bioavailability
Ethanol
12g/drink 1 drink/hr/100kg metabolized -Follows zero order kinetics -EtOH -> Acetaldehyde -> Acetate making NADH -CYP2E1 alternate pathway making NADP+
Sedative, anxiolytic, motor effects
-Stimulation of GABA-gated Cl- channels
Intoxication/cognitive effects
-Inhibition of glutamate-gated Ca++ channels
Reward/reinforcement
-Altered dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission
Fentanyl
Opioid (stronger than morphine)
- Strong µ agonist
- Available as a patch
Flecainide
Class Ic antiarrhythmic
-Na+ blocker (K and Ca too)
- Long T recovery
- Inhibitor of conduction velocity and automaticity
- Prolonged refractory period
-Hepatic metabolism
