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Pharm > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Amphotericin B

A
  1. Binds to ergosterol to disrupt membrane
  2. Drug of choice for most life-threatening fungal infections
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2
Q

Flucytosine

A
  1. Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
  2. Bone marrow toxicity
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3
Q

Ketoconazole

A
  1. 1 of 3 Imidazoles
  2. Not used anymore due to adverse effects
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4
Q

Fluconazole

A
  1. 1 of 4 Triazoles
  2. Lowest affinity for mammalian P450
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5
Q

Itraconazole

A
  1. 1 of 4 Triazoles
  2. Broader than Fluconazole
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6
Q

Posaconazole

A
  1. Broader coverage than Fluconazole
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7
Q

Voriconazole

A
  1. 1 of 4 Triazoles
  2. Better than Amphotericin for aspergillosis
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8
Q

Caspofungin

A
  1. Inhibition of cell wall
  2. Bound to albumin
  3. Teratogenicity
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9
Q

Griseofulvin

A
  1. Disrupts mitotic spindle
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10
Q

Terbinafine

A
  1. Specifically for mucocutaneous infections
  2. Inhibits squalene epoxidase blocking ergosterol synthesis -> impaired fungal membrane
  3. Extremely high affinity for fungal squalene epoxidase compared to mammalian
  4. Keratophilic
  5. Teratogenicity
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11
Q

Nystatin

A
  1. Topical antifungal, polyene
  2. Binds to ergosterol to disrupt membrane
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12
Q

Clotrimazole

A
  1. 1 of 3 Imidazoles
  2. Topical antifungal, azole
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13
Q

Miconazole

A
  1. 1 of 3 Imidazoles
  2. Topical antifungal, azole
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14
Q

Naftafine

A
  1. Topical antifungal, Allylamine
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15
Q

Acyclovir

A
  1. Thymidine kinase phosphorylates it
  2. Acts on DNA
  3. Treats Herpes and VZV
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16
Q

Ganciclovir

A
  1. Competitively inhibits DNA polymerase
  2. Treats CMV
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17
Q

Foscarnet

A
  1. Treats CMV/herpes (for acyclovir/ganciclovir resistant)
  2. Inhibits DNA/RNA polymerases
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18
Q

Trifluridine

A
  1. Inhibits DNA synthesis
  2. Treats keratoconjunctivitis from herpes
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19
Q

Idoxuridine

A
  1. Secondary drug for herpes
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20
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor 1. Decrease release of virus from from infected cells, increase viral aggregates, decrease spread 2. Treats the flu

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21
Q

Zanamivir

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor 1. Decrease release of virus from from infected cells, decrease spread 2. Treats the flu

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22
Q

Interferon Alpha

A
  1. Activate JAK-STAT -> inhibit protein synthesis 2. Treats genital warts, Chronic Hep B/C, Kaposi’s sarcoma 3. Can cause flu-like symptoms
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23
Q

Ribavirin

A
  1. Inhibits viral mRNA synthesis 2. Treats RSV, Influenza A/B, HIV 3. Teratogenicity
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24
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV, protects fetuses 3. Causes bone marrow problems, headaches
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25
Q

Didanosine (ddl)

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats AZT-resistant HIV 3. Toxic with Stavudine
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26
Q

Stavudine (d4T)

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV 3. Causes peripheral neuropathy 4. Toxic with Didanosine
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27
Q

Lamivudine (3-TC)

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV, Hep B 3. Given with AZT to slow resistance
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28
Q

Abacavir

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with AZT and Lamivudine
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29
Q

Zalcitabine

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV (better tolerated than AZT)
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30
Q

Tenofovir

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase, terminated DNA chain elongation 2. Treats HIV, Hep B 3. Toxic with Didanosine, Lamivudine, Abacavir
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31
Q

Efavirenz

A
  1. Alters conformation of reverse transcriptase 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with AZT and Lamivudine 4. Reduced with Rifampin
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32
Q

Nevirapine

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with Didanosine and Stavudine
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33
Q

Delavirdine

A
  1. Inhibits reverse transcriptase 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with AZT and Didanosine
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34
Q

Protease Inhibitors (-navir) -Atazanavir -Lopinavir -Ritonavir -Indianavir -Nelfinavir -Amprenavir -Saquinavir

A
  1. Inhibit proteolysis of gag-pol -> nonfunctional virions 2. Treats HIV 3. Given with reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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35
Q

Enfuvirtide

A
  1. Fusion inhibitor 2. binds to glycoprotein -> prevents HIV binding
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36
Q

Maraviroc

A
  1. Fusion inhibitor 2. Chemokine receptor 5 inhibitor -> blocks HIV binding
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37
Q

What drugs do you give for Herpes?

A
  1. Acyclovir 2. Foscarnet (for resistance) 3. Trifluridine
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38
Q

What drugs do you give for CMV?

A
  1. Ganciclovir 2. Foscarnet (for resistance)
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39
Q

Peg-interferon 2A with Ribavirin is the treatment of choice is for?

A

Chronic Hepatitis C

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40
Q

Side effects of HAART Therapy

A
  1. Liver problems 2. Diabetes 3. Lipodystrophy syndrome 4. High cholesterol 5. Increased bleeding 6. Hemophiliacs 7. Decreased bone density 8. Skin rash
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41
Q

Trizivir

A

HIV drug that contains 1. Zidovudine 2. Lamivudine 3. Abacavir -easier to be compliant

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42
Q

Ointments

A
  1. More occlusive = more potent
  2. Used for dry, fissured, lichenified skin due to moisturizing effects
  3. Palms and soles
43
Q

Creams

A
  1. Used for weepind lesions due to drying nature
  2. Used where skin touches skin due to high moisture
44
Q

Gels, Lotion, Foams

A
  1. Used for regions with hair
  2. Very little moisturizing benefit
  3. Irritating when used with penetrating enhancers
45
Q

Occlusive Dressings

A
  1. Saran wrap, vinyl gloves, cottom gloves
  2. Increases hydration of skin = enhanced drug penetration = increased risk of side effects (systemic circulation
46
Q

Bacitracin

A
  1. Topical antibiotic, for infection
  2. Gram (+)
47
Q

Mupirocin

A
  1. Topical antibiotic, for infection
  2. Gram (+) and some Gram (-)
  3. Broad spectrum
48
Q

Neomycin

A
  1. Topical antibiotic, for infection
  2. Gram (-) and some Gram (+)
49
Q

Polymixin

A
  1. Topical antibiotic, for infection
  2. Gram (-)
50
Q

Erythromycin

A
  1. Topical antibiotic, for acne
51
Q

Clindamycin

A
  1. Topical antibiotic, for acne
52
Q

Amcinonide

A
  1. Glucocorticoid
53
Q

Betamethasone

A
  1. Glucocorticoid
54
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  1. Glucocorticoid
55
Q

Tacrolimus

A
  1. Immunosuppressant
  2. Therapy of eczema
  3. Inhibition of interleukins, IF, antigen-stimulated products in T-cells
  4. Inhibits release of pre-formed mediators from skin mast cells, basophils
56
Q

Pimecrolimus

A
  1. Immunosuppressant
  2. Therapy of eczema
  3. Inhibition of interleukins, IF, antigen-stimulated products in T-cells
  4. Inhibits release of pre-formed mediators from skin mast cells, basophils
57
Q

Benzoyl Peroxide

A
  1. Keratolytic
58
Q

Salicylic Acid

A
  1. Keratolytic
59
Q

Adapalene

A
  1. Retinoid
60
Q

Isotretinoin

A
  1. Retinoid
61
Q

Tazarotene

A
  1. Retinoid
62
Q

Tretinoin

A
  1. Retinoid
63
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  1. Oral antibiotic, for acne
64
Q

Tetracycline

A
  1. Oral antibiotic, for acne
65
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
66
Q

Dopamine

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
67
Q

Epinephrine

A

Neurotransmitter

a1 - Vasoconstriction, pupil dilation

B1 - increase heart rate, force of contraction

B2 - Skeletal vasodilation, Bronchiodilation, Gut relaxation

68
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
69
Q

Ephedrine

A
  1. Sympathetic modulator
70
Q

Reserpine

A
  1. Sympathetic modulator
71
Q

Guanethidine

A
  1. Sympathetic modulator
72
Q

Tyramine

A
  1. Sympathetic modulator
73
Q

Oxymetazoline

A
  1. Nonselective alpha receptor agonist
74
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  1. Alpha 1 selective receptor agonist
75
Q

Clonidine

A
  1. Alpha 2 selective receptor agonist
76
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
  1. Nonselective alpha receptor antagonist
77
Q

Phentolamine

A
  1. Nonselective alpha receptor antagonist
78
Q

Doxazosin

A
  1. Alpha 1 selective receptor antagnoist
79
Q

Prazosin

A
  1. Alpha 1 selective receptor antagonist
80
Q

Isoproterenol

A
  1. Nonselective beta receptor agonist
81
Q

Albuterol

A
  1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
82
Q

Metaproternol

A
  1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
83
Q

Salmeterol

A
  1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
84
Q

Terbutaline

A
  1. Beta 2 selective receptor agonist
85
Q

Propranolol

A
  1. Nonselective beta receptor antagonist
86
Q

Pindolol (ISA)

A
  1. Nonselective beta receptor antagonist
87
Q

Labetalol

A
  1. Nonselective beta receptor antagonist
88
Q

Acebutolol (ISA)

A
  1. Beta 1 selective receptor antagonist
89
Q

Atenolol

A
  1. Beta 1 selective receptor antagonist
90
Q

Metoprolol

A
  1. Beta 1 selective receptor antagonist
91
Q

Bethanechol

A
  1. Muscarinic agonist
92
Q

Pilocarpine

A
  1. Muscarinic agonist
93
Q

Atropine

A
  1. Muscarinic antagonist
94
Q

Scopolamine

A
  1. Muscarinic Agonist
95
Q

Ipratropium

A
  1. Muscarinic Agonist
96
Q

Tiotropium

A
  1. Muscarinic Agonist
97
Q

Mecamylamine

A
  1. Ganglionic blocker
98
Q

Tubocurarine

A
  1. Isoquinolone derived, competitive NMJ blocker
99
Q

Atracurium

A
  1. Isoquinolone derived, competitive NMJ blocker
100
Q

Mivacurium

A
  1. Isoquinolone derived, competitive NMJ blocker
101
Q

Vecuronium

A
  1. Steroid derived, competitive NMJ blocker
102
Q

Succinylcholine

A
  1. Depolarizing NMJ blocker
103
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A
  1. ACh release inhibitor, NMJ blocker

Pharm (9 decks)

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