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Community Health > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

medical tourism

A

going to different countries for certain medical care

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2
Q

malnutrition (3 types)

A

undernutrition, micronutrient-related malnutrition, overweight

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3
Q

undernutrition

A

wasting (low weight for height), stunting (low height for age), underweight (low weight for age)

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4
Q

micronutrient-related malnutrition

A

micronutrient deficiencies or excess

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5
Q

overweight

A

obesity + diet related noncommunicable diseases- heart disease, stroke, DM, cancers

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6
Q

malnutrition factors

A

economic, education, social, personal

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7
Q

pellagra

A

deficient in niacin (B3)

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8
Q

scurvy

A

deficient in vit C

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9
Q

rickets

A

deficient in vit D

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10
Q

Kwashiorkor

A
  • protein deficient, may be getting enough cal.
  • edema, enlarged liver, fluid shift
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11
Q

marasmus

A
  • protein and cal. malnutrition
  • shrunken body, no muscle mass, no SQ tissue
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12
Q

vitamin A def can lead to what deficits

A

vision

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12
Q

primary determinant of health is

A

environment

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13
Q

environmental media

A

air, water, soil, food

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14
Q

toxicology

A

studying negative health effects of chemical exposure

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15
Q

dose effect/reponse

A

amount of exposure directly related to the impact

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16
Q

types of exposure

A

lead (houses pre 1978), asbestos, radon, pesticides

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17
Q

environment protection prevention

A
  • education, waste minimization, proper land use
  • controls + standards for gov. structures
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18
Q

solution to pollution is

A

dilution (ex: air diffuses pollution)

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19
Q

environmental role for nurses

A

mitigation, response, advocate for public policy

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20
Q

vulnerable pops

A

peds, pregnant/postpartum/lactating women (esp. teens), disabilities, geri, c medical disorders, mental illness, prisons, detention centers, limited English, American Indian + Alaska Native, racial, low income, single parent, public housing, homeless, LGBTQIA+, veterans

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21
Q

social determinants of health

A

economic, education, physical environment, social support, access to healthcare

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22
Q

vulnerable pops risk factors

A
  • underdeveloped/deteriorating infrastructure
  • lack of employment opportunities
  • inadequate medical/social/educational services
  • lack transportation/communication services
  • high crime + victimization
  • environmental conditions
  • outmigration of young + better educated
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23
Q

resiliency

A
  • ability to bounce back to normal functioning post adversity
  • vp may lack due to inadequate resources/coping skills
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24
Q

vulnerability aspects

A

social determinants, disempowerment, victim blaming, disenfranchisement, disadvantaged status

25
Q

vulnerability outcomes

A

increased stress, inc hopelessness, poor health outcomes, vulnerability cycle

26
Q

homelessness categories

A
  • episodic: moving in and out of homelessness
  • temp/transitional: lay offs, divorce, violence (catastrophic event)
  • chronic: mental/physical illness, addiction, c unemployment
27
Q

homelessness causes

A
  • intrinsic: substance abuse, disability (phys + mental), lack of education
  • extrinsic: no income, no access to employment, displacement, no access to resources, lack of affordable housing, DV, incarceration, return from military services, discrimination
28
Q

poverty threshold

A

specific $ amount that varies by fam size used to determine if fam/individual can meet basic needs/qualify for certain programs

29
Q

near poor

A

income just above fed guidelines, can affect eligibility

30
Q

persistent poverty

A

multigenerational poverty

31
Q

neighborhood poor

A

geographic areas w poor housing, poor health outcomes, high unemployment

32
Q

3 leading deaths in US for ages 15-34

A

unintentional, suicide, homicide

33
Q

5 principles trauma informed care

A

safety, humility + responsiveness, collab, trustworthiness + transparency, empowerment

34
Q

violence factors

A

previous exposure, lack of communication + problem solving skills, easy access to firearms, inc stress, living conditions

35
Q

victim factors

A

learned/acquired helplessness, acquired/congenital disability, inability to meet expectations of others, poor self esteem, social isolation

36
Q

perpetrator factors

A

low self esteem, fear + distrust of others, poor self control, isolated/inadequate social skills, immature motivation for marriage/childbearing, weak coping skills

37
Q

primary vs. secondary malnutrition

A
  • primary: not taking in enough nutrients
  • secondary: malabsorption, GI illness (Crohns, celiac, UC)
38
Q

primary prevention (abuse)

A
  • encourage community to take stand against violence
  • actively support legislation
  • reduce vulnerability by improving physical security
  • teach coping skills
39
Q

secondary prevention (abuse)

A
  • initiate measures to reduce/terminate further abuse
  • crisis intervention for fam violence
40
Q

tertiary prevention (abuse)

A
  • no further violence tolerated
  • empower fam
  • capitalize on strengths
41
Q

disasters

A
  • natural or man-made event that causes destruction that requires assistance
42
Q

first stage- prevention (disaster)

A

mitigation, protection

43
Q

second stage- preparedness (disaster)

A

personal, professional, community

44
Q

role of CH nurse in disaster

A
  • teach preparedness: >3 day supply food + waqter, communication plan, first aid kit
  • consider needs of elderly
45
Q

third stage- response (disaster)

A
  • EMS, CERT, MRC, USDHHS, FEMA, ARC
  • triage
46
Q

triage

A
  • separating casualties, allocating resource for best survival
  • red: most urgent, life threatening (shock, hypoxia) if given immediate care will most likely survive
  • yellow: systemic but not life threatening, can most likely wait 45-60 min without immediate risk
  • green: injury localized, unlikely to deteriorate for several hours
  • black: unresponsiveness w no ventilation/circulation…dead
47
Q

fourth stage- recovery (disaster)

A
  • fed response, emergency support functions, delayed stress reaction
48
Q

bioterrorism

A

intentional release of biological agent

49
Q

surveillance

A

active, 24H, multi-system involvement/communication, observe for syndromes

50
Q

local/area response plan

A

-triage, treatment
- stockpiling and distribution
- communication, evacuation, morgue needs

51
Q

agency/fed response plan

A
  • incorporate w disaster planning
  • coordinate w area response team
  • train staff
  • maintain communication w area response team
    -prep for communication w media
52
Q

anthrax

A
  • spore forming bacteria found in soil
  • infects animals
  • cutaneous (itcy, dark black), GI (fever, chills, SOB), resp
  • mailed letters in 2000s, used in WW1+2
53
Q

anthrax prognosis

A
  • cutaneous: mild + v treatable
  • resp + GI: fatal even w treatment
  • abx: PCN, doxycycline, fluroquinolones
54
Q

smallpox hx

A
  • considered biggest achievement of international public health
  • no longer immunizing for
  • 100% susceptibility in unvax, fatality rate 20-40%
  • Dr. Jenner observed milkmaids immunity r/t frequent exposure to cowpox–> vax developed, 1960-70s- WHO campaign
  • WHO announced eradication May 8, 1980
55
Q

smallpox

A
  • transmits person to person; droplet
  • fluid filled vesicle
  • treatment: anti-virals
  • vax not for gen pop but high risk (military, lab workers)
56
Q

varicella v smallpox

A
  • varicella: rash present @ onset w fever, lesions more on torso, develop in diff stages
  • smallpox: feel sick pre rash, sores in mouth–> spreads to face, limbs, soles, palms; lesions develop all at once (deep w pitting center)
57
Q

tularemia

A
  • francisella tularensis: aka rabbit fever
  • infected thru tick and deer fly bites, skin contact w inf animals, drinking contaminated water, inhaling contaminated aerosols or agricultural dust
  • s depend on exposure route: skin/ocular ulcer, swollen glands, resp involvement
  • dx diff: lab tests + cultures
  • tx: abx, prognosis good w tx
58
Q

plague bacterium

A
  • yersinia pestis
  • transmitted by bacteria found in rodents and their fleas
  • people inf by bites, touching/skinning inf animals, inhalin g droplets of inf person/animal
59
Q

plague types

A

bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic

60
Q

plague dx + tx

A

-dx: hx, s/s, cultures
- tx: IV gentamicin, fluroquinolones…good prognosis w prompt tx

Community Health (3 decks)

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