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Community Health > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering thru dx and treatment of human response, AND advocacy in care for individuals, families, communities, populations

A

nursing

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2
Q

art and science of prolonging life, promoting health and preventing disease thru organized community efforts

A

public health nursing

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3
Q

healthy people in healthy communities

A

vision of public health

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4
Q

what level of nursing as a staff nurse in public health focusing on individual/family, within community or institution

A

BSN

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5
Q

what level of nursing to be a public health nursing specialist with a primary focus on the population, to clients within the community

A

MSN

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6
Q

school nursing, hospice, home health, occupational health, disaster preparedness, forensics, faith community, rural health

A

certifications/specialities

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7
Q
  • expertise in nursing and public health
  • assesses health status of populations using data
  • analyzes collected data (needs, strengths)
  • partners with people to determine need
  • participated with community to iD expected outcomes
A

ANA definition of public health nursing

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8
Q

philosophy of nursing service delivery (care thru community diagnosis, health surveillance, eval population health status)

A

community-oriented nursing practice

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9
Q

setting specific practice where care is provided to sick (LTC, outpatient clinic)

A

community based nursing practice

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10
Q
  • nursing + public health theory
  • focus of practice is health of community as whole and how it impacts individuals
A

public health nursing practice

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11
Q
  • collect vital stats (birth, death, marriage)
  • control sanitary conditions
  • control communicable diseases
  • provide lab services (STD, lead)
  • protect maternal and fetal health (vulnerable pop)
  • educate public (nutrition, mental health)
A

mandated PH services

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12
Q
  • assessment (data collection and monitoring)
  • policy development and implement
  • assurance (making sure essential health services are available)
A

core functions PH

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13
Q

district nursing

A

-1859, Liverpool, England
- WM Rathbone, Florence Nightingale
- to instruct families in care of ill members @ home

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14
Q

district nursing in US

A
  • 1877- NY City Mission began
  • 1887- spread to Boston + Phil w focus on poor
  • 1893- Lillian Wald began dn in NYC (Henry St. Settlement), Red Cross, 1st to use term PHN
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15
Q

frontier nursing

A
  • horseback, going to rural and remote Apps to provide nursing
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16
Q

PHN 1920s

A
  • Mary Breckenridge started frontier nursing service region of KY–> dec infant and maternal mortality
  • introduced first nurse midwife
  • FNS still active today
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17
Q

PHN 1930S and 40s

A
  • health and welfare of public
  • school nurses going to students’ houses to see them; able to get more resources for family
  • also infants, TB, STD
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18
Q

PHN 1970S- present

A
  • service to total community
  • focus on primary prevention
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19
Q

Primary Care Medical Home Attributes

A
  • access to care
  • accountability (for quality of care),
  • comprehensive (all info, care, and services needed)
  • continuity (improving health over time)
  • coordination + integration (helping pts navigate system to meet their needs)
  • pt + fam centered
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20
Q

Roles of nurses

A

advocate, evaluator, planner, provider, consultant, educator, counselor, manager, coordinator

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21
Q

Public Health Advocate Steps

A
  1. do hw, look for where is need
  2. connect w partners- collective power
  3. make message compelling
  4. make most of opportunities to influence
  5. be confident, fearless, relentless
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22
Q

WHO definition of health

A

state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not only absence of disease or infirmity

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23
Q

characteristics of community’s health

A
  • status (outcomes, physical/emotional/social determinants [suicide, crime, morbidity, mortality])
  • structure (services + resources [what makes up community such as access to care])
  • process (how community functions such as politics)
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24
Q

Community Health Needs Assessment

A
  • part of ACA requiring non-profit hospitals to conduct every 3 years
  • ID where there is a need
25
Q

Community Health Improvement Plan

A
  • counties and other government agencies develop this post needs assessment
  • IL: IPLAN
26
Q

MAPP

A

Mobilizing for Action thru Planning + Partnerships

27
Q

GDP

A
  • gross domestic product
  • indicator of how country is doing (economic health)
28
Q

quality indicators

A
  • if we are giving quality care
  • insurance companies look at
  • ex: readmission rates, pressure injury rates
29
Q

factors affecting resource allocation

A
  • uninsured (don’t seek primary prevention, seek care when very sick…cost of their care higher, inc risk hospitalization of mortality)
  • access to services (proximity, transport, access to insurance, language)
  • rationing (services, nurses, providers sometimes withhold services)
30
Q

two factors that have greatest effect on longevity

A

behavior, lifestyle

31
Q

two factors that have the greatest effect on development of illness

A

environment, genetics

32
Q

1st developmental stage PH

A
  • 1800-1900
  • Infectious epidemics/medical care unregulated
  • care of fam in home
33
Q

2nd developmental stage PH

A
  • 1900-1945
  • trauma/shift to science based training
34
Q

3rd developmental stage PH

A
  • 1945-1984
  • inc in c diseases, inc in medical specialties
35
Q

4th developmental stage PH

A
  • 1984- present
  • inc infectious/managed care
36
Q

factors influencing health care costs

A
  • inflation, demographic changes, tech, c illness, treat illness vs. prevention, “defensive med”
37
Q

defensive medicine

A

over-ordering services

38
Q

barriers healthcare

A

money, time, already caring for someone else who is sick, education

39
Q

medicare

A

65+

40
Q

medicaid

A

pregnant, blind, lower income, taking care of someone with a disability, disability

41
Q

health departments county funds come from

A

property taxes

42
Q

federal funding comes from

A

grants, special programs

43
Q

block grants

A

fed. gov. gives $ to local government w general provision to how it can be spent

44
Q

private support financing healthcare types

A
  • insurance (HMO have to get referral from primary), employers, individuals, managed care
45
Q

primary level intervention

A
  • intervene before illness
  • risk factors (diet, activity, smoke, alc), education, vax, car seats
46
Q

secondary level intervention

A
  • screening, slow progression of disease
  • BP, blood sugars, BMI, vision screening
47
Q

tertiary level intervention

A
  • treating disease, stopping relapse + further deterioration
  • rehab, medical interventions
48
Q

cost containment

A

keeping price same or lower

49
Q

portability

A
  • transferring of health coverage
  • ex: when changing/lost job
50
Q

US Dept of Health and Human Services (preventive, health protection, health promotion)

A
  • preventive: HTN, STD, immunizations
  • protection: toxins, OSHA, fluoride, EPA
  • promotion: smoking cessation, stress, substance abuse, screenings, maternal and fetal care
51
Q

State Health Agencies

A
  • establish health codes, regulation of insurance industry
52
Q

Local level governments

A
  • funded by tax dollars
  • responsibility of county/city gov
53
Q

federally qualified health centers

A

-safety net providers
- community health centers, public housing, homeless health care, migrant health centers

54
Q

Human Genome Project

A
  • 1988-2003, under direction of Dr. Francis Collins
  • mapped all 25,000 genes in human DNA
55
Q

Precision healthcare

A
  • purpose: improve safety, quality, effectiveness of healthcare for all US citizens
  • linking clinical and genetic info for individualized healthcare
56
Q

polygenic risk score and disease

A
  • can be used to determine if individual is at inc risk fir developing certain disease
57
Q

single gene vs complex disease

A
  • single gene- can be traced to one gene (CF)
  • complex- many genes effected, environment also plays role (CAD)
58
Q

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

A

prohibits discrimination based on genetic makeup (by employers, insurance))

59
Q

Biostatistics

A
  • predictor of healthcare delivery
  • censuses, demographics, vital stats, rates (freq), ratio (comparisons), risks

Community Health (3 decks)

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