Exam 3 Flashcards
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the paper?
a) the only explanation for the associated declines in finch abundance is density dependence
b) it appears that this disease has a comparatively low rate of transmission in the wild
c) all populations of affected finch declined in abundance following transmission
d) theory predicts that disease should always result in stable density-dependent regulation of host populations
e) none of the above statements is true
b) it appears that this disease has a comparatively low rate of transmission in the wild
Identify the mismatched pair
a) conjungtivitis :: introduced to control growing finch populations
b) house finches :: introduced to eastern US
c) threshold prevalence :: >= 20%
d) highest finch populations :: first to be affected by the disease
e) none of these is mismatched
a) conjungtivitis :: introduced to control growing finch populations
The study obtained its data
a) by monthly surveys of the bird population size
b) from annual bird count held around Christmas time
c) from reports of diseased birds at specific locations
d) by trapping birds and reporting what proportion were diseased
e) both b and c
e) both b and c – annual bird count held around christmas time and reports of diseased birds at specific locations
The disease in the paper
a) is only known to affect house finches and domestic poultry
b) originated on both coasts of the US simultaneously and has moved toward the middle
c) appears to have different effects in different populations of finches
d) is caused by a bacterium
e) all of the above
d) is caused by a bacterium
An epizootic is
a) an external parasite of an animal species
b) an epidemic disease in a population of an animal species
c) a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans
d) any small disease-causing animal, like a mosquito
e) none of the above
b) an epidemic disease in a population of an animal species
Which of the following relationships would best be described as parasitic?
a) blind shrimp :: goby
b) monkeys :: deer
c) mites :: bumblebees
d) beetles :: mice
e) all of the above
c) mites :: bumblebees
The flukes in the video
a) use the snails as an intermediate host
b) alter the behavior of the snails and thus increase their chances of getting themselves transferred into their determinate hosts
c) would be considered macroendoparasites
d) do not appear to be a major health problem in their definitive hosts
e) all of the above are correct
e) all of the above are correct
Hermit crabs can protect themselves by
a) mutualistically housing toxic ragworms so predators leave the crabs alone
b) enlisting sea anemones as “bodyguards”
c) camouflaging themselves so that their predators can’t find them
d) having aposematic coloration warning the predators away
e) none of the above, hermit crabs have large claws and don’t need protection
b) enlisting sea anemones as “bodyguards”
Identify the true statement according to the video
a) some mutualistic relationships appear to have evolved over time into parasitic ones
b) some parasites can alter the behavior of their host in order to advance their own life cycles
c) in general, endoparasites are more “dangerous” to their hosts than are ectoparasites
d) all of the above are true
e) none of the above are true
d) all of the above are true
What strategies do the shield caterpillars living in the ant nests utilize for protection?
a) they have a heavy, stiff protective covering that provides mechanical protection
b) they have toxins that protect them from the ants
c) they have pheromones that fool the ants into accepting their presence
d) none of the above
e) they don’t need defenses, they are mutualists with the ants
a) they have a heavy, stiff protective covering that provides mechanical protection
The flower discussed in the paper
a) is usually pollinated by large insects
b) is a holoparasite
c) is believed to attract pollinators primarily by its appearance
d) is an endangered species endemic to New Zealand
e) none of the above
b) is a holoparasite
The pollination syndrome hypothesis
a) predicts that pollinators accessing flowers near the ground will only hover in order to evade ground predators
b) is used to predict the most common pollinators of a flower based upon its floral characteristics
c) is only applied to nocturnal flowering plants and their pollinators
d) suggests that most tropical flowers will only attract limited species of specialist polinators
e) was shown to be inaccurate in predicting any of the pollinators of this species of flower
b) is used to predict the most common pollinators of a flower based upon its floral characteristics
Olfaction
a) is an effective sensory mode in a cluttered habitat
b) is most commonly used by nectar feeding bats to find flowers
c) is only useful in flowers located high above the ground
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
a) is an effective sensory mode in a cluttered habitat
A facilitative relationship is
a) an unusual form of a plus/minus relationship
b) when an interspecific relationship is “nice but not necessary”
c) when one species has a positive effect on the fitness of another species
d) only common within a taxon, as between two mammals, or between two birds etc
e) none of the above
c) when one species has a positive effect on the fitness of another species
Identify the mismatched pair according tot he paper
a) opossums :: effective at desquamating flowers
b) rodents :: very common pollinators at all localities studied
c) bats :: transport large quantities of pollen on their body
d) birds :: remove flower bracts to access nectar
e) none of the above is mismatched
b) rodents :: very common pollinators at all localities studied (ONLY FOUND AT ONE OF THEM)
Pop size =
(Births+Immigration) - Deaths + Emigration)
Sex bird dispersal
Males stay, females leave
Mammal sex dispersal
Females stay, men leave
Life table variable: x
Age class
Life table variable: nx
in each age class
Life table variable: qx
Mortality rate
Life table variable: lx
Survivorship in each class
Type I survivorship
Humans
Very little infant mortality but onec you make it you’re good until you get super old and die
Curve straight then down
Type II Survivorship
Linear
Birds/squirrels
Die off at same rate
Type III Survivorship
Fish
A lot of young die but the ones who survive are good for long time
Static life table
Time specific
With life tables, if R0>1, what happens to pop?
pop growing
Generation time =
(Sum of x(lxbx))/(sum of lxbx)`
Allele effect
Once pops get small, even the most invested conservation, hard to find someone good to mate with (esp of opp gender)
Stochastic processes
Random shit. Storms, frosts, etc
