EXAM 3 Flashcards
factitious disorder
imposed on other (by proxy): false creation of physical symptoms in another person, even without external rewards
conversion disorder
aka functional neurological symptom disorder
- presence of at least one symptom or deficit that affects voluntary or sensory function (ex. blindness, paralysis, etc)
-symptoms are found to be inconsistent with known medical diseases (no medical explanation)
-significant distress/impairment
- hard to distinguish from genuine medical problem, can go against how we know the body to function
somatic symptoms disorder
at least one upsetting or repeatedly disruptive physical (somatic) symptom
- an unreasonable amount of thoughts/feelings/behaviors (worry about seriousness of symptoms)
what causes conversion and somatic symptoms
multicultural perspective: western clinicians tend to not focus much on somatic symptom disorders (can be seen as a bias)
- formation of somatic complaints is the norm in non western cultures (socially +medically correct way to deal w life stressors)
illness anxiety disorder
person is preoccupied with thoughts of having/getting a serious illness although they have minimal or no symptoms
- easily triggered high anxiety about health
psychophysiological disorders
affected persons have a medical condition
-psychological factors negatively affect the medical condition
- result of an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
what causes psychophysiological disorders?
sociocultural perspective: adverse social conditions that produce stress trigger and interact with biological + psychological factors
-poverty (dangerous environments), race and ethnicity
black americans: higher rates of hypertension, asthma, diabetes due to repeated racial discrimination
hispanic americans: health is as good or better than white people, family support, social relations, religion
psychoneuroimmunology
examines how stressful events result in viral/bacterial infection + connection between psychosocial stress, immune system, and health
- many physical illnesses are linked to psychosocial stress (stress can slow lymphocyte activity and interfere with immune system)
PNI and stress influences
behavioral changes: anxiety or depressive disorder, unhealthy behaviors that indirectly impact the immune system (poor sleep patterns, poor eating, lack of exercise, increase in smoking + drinking)
-personality style: hard/resilient personality vs hopelessness; spirituality
-social support: less social support and more feelings of loneliness –> poorer immune function; strong social support may protect against stress, poorer immune functioning, and later illness, can help speed recovery from illness/surgery
anorexia nervosa
individual purposely takes in too little nourishment, is fearful of gaining weight, has distorted body perception, places inappropriate emphasis on body figure + weight
-clinical picture: key goal is becoming thin (fear of losing control/weight gain), preoccupation with food, thought distortions (overestimate proportions, need to be perfect)
bulimia nervosa
repeated binge eating episodes, repeated bad compensatory behaviors (vomiting) to prevent weight gain
criteria: binge episode- periods of eating in which a person uncontrollably ingests very large amounts of food in little periods of time (2,00-3,400 calories per episode), done in secret with high calorie, soft, sweet foods, followed by extreme shame, guilt, depression
compensatory behavior-purging (self induced vomiting, laxative use, fasting, excessive exercise; temporary positive effects (relief of discomfort + negative feelings), but brings more hunger + binges, caloric effects not undone
binge eating disorder
recurrent binge eating episodes that include at least 3 of these: unusually fast eating, absence of hunger, uncomfortable fullness, secret eating due to shame, feeling of self- disgust, severe guilt, depression
absence of significant compensatory behaviors
what causes eating disorders?
cognitive behavioral factors: distorted thinking + maladaptive behaviors, little control over life –> seek excessive control of body size, distortion that one should be judged based on shape/weight and control
depression: high rates of comorbity, disordered eating intensifies
biological factors: weight set-point influenced by genetics and early eating practices, hypothalamus, responsible for keeping individual at a certain weight level (often cannot go below set point, body works against itself)
societal factors: socially accepted prejudice against fat people, standards for female attractiveness, social networking etc
multicultural factors: POC young women did not used to have unhealthy body image, engulfed in western culture brought on these ideals
how are EDs treated?
anorexia nervosa: immediate goals- restoring weight and normal eating methods (nutritional rehab, feedings, etc); lasting change- CBT (core pathology, ties between feelings + hunger
bulimia nervosa: CBT (behavioral techniques like online diaries, exposure and response prevention), cognitive techniques (recognize + change maladaptive attitudes towards food)
substance abuse disorder
individual displays maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress (large amounts, time/relationship/functional issues), physiological dependence
