Exam 3 Flashcards
psychosis
A mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality.
Diagnosing Schizophrenia
- After symptoms of psychosis continue for six months or more
- Individuals must also show a deterioration in their work, social relations, and ability to care for themselves
Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
“Added”
- delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking, incoherent communication, and peculiar behavior
Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia
“Loss”
decreased ability to initiate actions or speech, express emotions, or feel pleasure
Catatonia
a condition involving extremes in activity level, peculiar body movements or postures, strange gestures and grimaces, or a combination of these
Prodromal Phase of Schizophrenia
Includes the onset and buildup of Schizophrenia symptoms
Active Phase of Schizophrenia
the person shows full-blown symptoms of schizophrenia
Residual phase
psychotic behavior and symptom severity decline
What is type I schizophrenia?
Type I schizophrenia is dominated by
positive symptoms
What is type II schizophrenia?
Type II schizophrenia is dominated by
negative symptoms
Dopamine hypothesis
hyperactive dopamine transmission results in schizophrenic symptoms
Treatment for schizophrenia
-antipsychotic drugs
-psycho therapy (traditional VS atypical)
What is tardive dyskinesia
A condition affecting the nervous system, often caused by long-term use of some psychiatric drugs
Causes of schizophrenia
abnormal brain structures, high expressed emotion
GENDER DYSPHORIA
Marked (mismatch) between one’s experienced or expressed gender and biologically assigned gender
Guideline 1
Psychologists understand that gender is a nonbinary construct that allows for a range of gender identities and that a person’s gender identity may not align with sex assigned at birth.
What is a personality disorder?
An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experience, goals, and capacity for empathy and/or intimacy
Borderline Personality Disorder
People with this disorder display great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, impulsivity, relational conflict and fear of abandonment
Causes of BPD
Lack of parental acceptance, neglect/abuse, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, serotonin
Treatments of BPD
Dialectical behavior therapy
Histrionic Personality Disorder
People with histrionic personality disorder are extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
People with narcissistic personality
disorder are generally grandiose, need much admiration, and feel no empathy with others
Antisocial Personality Disorder
People with antisocial personality disorder persistently disregard and violate others’ rights
Paranoid Personality Disorder
This disorder is characterized by deep
distrust and suspicion of others
Schizoid Personality Disorder
This disorder is characterized by
persistent avoidance of social
relationships and limited emotional
expression
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
This disorder is characterized by a range of interpersonal problems, marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd ways of thinking, and behavioral
eccentricities
Avoidant Personality Disorder
People with avoidant personality disorder are very uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations, overwhelmed by feelings
of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to negative evaluation
Dependent Personality Disorder
People with dependent personality disorder have a pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of, are clinging and obedient, fearing separation from their loved ones
Why are personality disorders
controversial?
- These disorders are particularly hard to diagnose and easy to misdiagnose, difficulties
that indicate serious issues of reliability and validity - Problems with clinician judgments and subjectivity
- Overlap among categories
- Lack of cultural sensitivity
competency to stand trial
refers to the mental state at time of psychiatric examination after arrrest and before trial
The insanity defense
Innocent by reason of insanity; refers to the mental state at the time of the crime
tarasoff ruling
Obligates mental health professionals to break confidentiality when clients pose clear and imminent danger to other
person
