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Abnormal behavior > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Obsessions

A

Persistent, invasive thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images

Fear of being contaminated by touching objects others have touched

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2
Q

Compulsions

A

Actions that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety

Excessive or ritualized hand washing, showering, brushing teeth, or toileting

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3
Q

Behavioral Perspective on OCD

A

Associations among fearful situations and particular acts

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4
Q

Cognitive Perspective on OCD

A

Self blame and irrational expectancies

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5
Q

Biological Perspective on OCD

A

Abnormal serotonin

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6
Q

Acute stress disorder Symptoms

A

Symptoms begin immediately or soon after the traumatic event and last for less than one month

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7
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Symptoms

A
  • A disorder in which a person has difficulty recovering after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event.
  • Symptoms may begin either shortly after the event, or months or years afterward
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8
Q

Treatments for Trauma-
Related Disorders

A
  • Medications
  • Therapy
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9
Q

Mood Disorders

A

disturbances in emotion that interfere with normal functioning

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10
Q

What Are the Symptoms of
Depression?

A

Emotional symptoms
· Cognitive symptoms
· Behavioral symptoms
· Physiological symptoms

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11
Q

Major Depressive Episode

A

A major depressive episode is a period of two or more weeks marked by five or more symptoms of depression

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12
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Symptoms are present most of the day for more days than not for a two-year period

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13
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder

A

Serious symptoms of depression, irritability, and tension appearing the week before menstruation and remit soon after the onset of menses

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14
Q

MDD with a Seasonal Pattern

A

Some individuals with MDD report seasonal patterns to depressive episodes

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15
Q

Biological Causes (Depression)

A

-Genetic factors
-Biochemical factors
-Endocrine system – cortisol
-Immune system

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16
Q

Biological Treatments (Depression)

A
  • Antidepressants – MAOIs, Tricyclics, SSRIs
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
  • Vagus nerve stimulation
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • Deep brain stimulation
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17
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

is a procedure that can change brain chemistry and reverse symptoms associated with some mental disorders

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18
Q

Seligman’s learned helplessness

A

feelings of helplessness can lead to depression

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19
Q

Beck’s cognitive triad

A

individuals experiencing depression tend to have a negative self-schema or way of looking at themselves

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20
Q

Overgeneralization

A

Holding extreme belief on a basis of a single incident and applying it to other situations

Example: A woman who does not get along with her father believes she will fail in all relationships with men.

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21
Q

arbitrary inference

A

Concluding oneself or the world without sufficient and relevant information.

Example: A man not hired by a potential employer concludes that he is “totally worthless” and that he will never find a job

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22
Q

Selective abstraction

A

Drawing conclusions from very isolated details and events without considering the larger context.

Example: A student who receives a C on an exam stops attending classes and considers dropping out of school despite having A’s and B’s in all other courses

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23
Q

Magnification and exaggeration

A

overestimating the significance of negative events

Example: A woman misses an important social event at work and concludes that all of her co-workers are criticizing her for not attending

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24
Q

Rumination

A

continually thinking about upsetting topics or repeatedly reviewing distressing events, often occurs during a depressive episode.

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25
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (Depression)

A
  • Increase pleasurable activities (Behavioral activation
    therapy)
  • Learned optimism
  • Cognitive therapy
26
Q

Family-Social & Multicultural Causes (Depression)

A
  • Interpersonal stressors
  • Lack of social support/ targeted rejection
  • Attachment
  • Gender - Artifact theory, Life stress theory, Body
    dissatisfaction, Lack-of-control, Rumination
  • Discrimination
27
Q

Treatments Family-Social & Multicultural Causes (Depression)

A
  • IPT(Interpersonal psychotherapy)
  • Couples and family therapy
  • Feminist & multicultural therapies
28
Q

Bipolar Disorders

A

People with bipolar disorder experience both the lows of depression and the highs of mania

29
Q

What Are the Symptoms of
Mania?

A

People are considered to be in a full manic
episode when, for at least one week, they
display an abnormally high or irritable mood, increased activity or energy, and at least three other symptoms of mania

30
Q

hypomanic episode

A

hen symptoms are less severe, the person is said to be experiencing hypomanic episode

31
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

Full manic and major depressive episodes

32
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

Hypomanic episodes alternate with major depressive episodes

33
Q

Rapid Cycling

A

Four or more episodes within one year are classified as rapid cycling

34
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild
depression

35
Q

What Causes Bipolar
Disorders?

A
  • Overactivity of norepinephrine; low serotonin activity
  • Irregularities in Ion activity
  • Abnormalities in the basal ganglia and cerebellum
  • Genetic Factors
36
Q

Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

A
  • Lithium & other mood stabilizers
  • Psychotherapy used as an adjunct to lithium
  • Therapy focuses on medication management, social skills, and relationship issues
37
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms

A
  • Do not maintain more than 85% of normal body weight
  • Intense fears of becoming overweight
  • Distorted view of weight and shape
  • Amenorrhea
38
Q

Two Subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • Restricting type
  • Binge-eating/purging type
39
Q

Anorexia Nervosa Main symptoms

A
  • Do not maintain more than 85% of normal body weight
  • Intense fears of becoming overweight
  • Distorted view of weight and shape
  • Amenorrhea
40
Q

Anorexia Nervosa:
Medical Problems

A
  • Amenorrhea
  • Low body
    temperature
  • Low blood pressure
  • Body swelling
  • Reduced bone
    density
41
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which a large quantity of food is consumed in a short period of time,
- followed by self-induced vomiting or purging

42
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A
  • Engage in repeated eating binges during
    which they feel no control
  • Do not perform inappropriate compensatory
    behaviors
43
Q

What Causes Eating Disorders?
Biological Factors

A
  • Genetic vulnerability
  • Dysfunction of the hypothalamus
  • Weight set point
44
Q

What Causes Eating Disorders?
Psychological & Family Factors

A
  • Disturbed parent-child interactions
  • Entangled family patterns
45
Q

What Causes Eating Disorders?
Societal Pressures

A
  • Western standards of beauty & a thin ideal
  • Socially accepted prejudice against
    overweight people
46
Q

Racial and Ethnic Differences (Eating Disorders)

A

1995 study found that eating behaviors and
attitudes of young African American women
were more positive than those of young White
American women

47
Q

Gender (Eating Disorders)

A

Men account for only 5% to 10% of all cases of eating disorders

48
Q

Treatments for
Anorexia Nervosa

A
  • Biopsychosocial approaches
  • Behavioral weight-restoration approaches
  • Cognitive & behavioral techniques
  • Feminist therapy & “Health at Every Size”
  • Family therapy
49
Q

Treatments for
Bulimia Nervosa

A
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Interpersonal Process therapy
  • Group therapy
  • Antidepressants
50
Q

Substance use disorder symptoms

A

Substances may cause temporary changes in behavior, emotion, or thought

51
Q

substance intoxication symptoms

A

urred speech, unsteady gait, inappropriate sexual or aggressive behavior

52
Q

DEPRESSANT SUBSTANCES

A

Depressants slow the activity of the central nervous system (CNS)

53
Q

Alcohol as depressant impact

A
  • Damages physical health
  • Liver (cirrhosis)
  • Major nutritional problems
  • Korsakoff’s syndrome
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and increased risk of
    miscarriage
54
Q

ALCOHOL USE DISORDER

A

For many individuals, alcohol use disorder includes the symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal reactions

55
Q

Delirium tremens

A

Severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms such as shaking, confusion, and hallucinations

56
Q

Cage Assessment

A

It’s a set of questions that are used to show you may have a substance abuse dependency in adults. The letters CAGE stand for Cut down, Annoyed by someone else, Guilty about your drinking, and Eye-opener (a drink, first thing in the morning).

57
Q

Opioid Use Disorder

A
  • Opioids depress the CNS
  • Bind to the receptors in the brain that ordinarily receive endorphins
58
Q

“Opioid Epidemic” causes

A

A pattern of liberal prescribing, combined with the highly addictive nature of these medications, resulted in their widespread misuse and the resultant deaths and addiction

59
Q

STIMULANTS

A

Stimulants are substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system (CNS)

60
Q

Hallucinogens

A

psychoactive drugs. Produce delusions, hallucinations, and other sensory changes

61
Q

Cannabis

A

Produces sensory changes, but also has both depressant and stimulant effects

Abnormal behavior (3 decks)

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