Exam 3

Question 1

mary wollstonecraft wrote…

Answer 1

Vindincation of the Rights of Woman

Question 2

what’s the point of wollstonecraft’s works?

Answer 2

1) reason must rule supreme
2) the point of education is self-mastery
3) children ought to be educated to have balanced minds and strong, healthy bodies

Question 3

how did Wollstonecraft view the nature of society/politics?

Answer 3

gov’t and human law can be simplified and made transparent. if you want liberty, you have to make things simple and transparent

Question 4

vindication of the rights of man attacks who? why?

Answer 4

edmund burke, he was blind to man-made poverty and injustice

Question 5

wollstone believed that God made all things _______ and that man was the source of _____

Answer 5

right, evil

Question 6

wollstonecraft insists that no one can be expected to perform duties if their __________ ________ are not respected.

Answer 6

natural rights

Question 7

wollstone craft wants women to:

Answer 7

1) be granted civil and political rights
2) have elective representatives of their own
3) be taught skills to sustain themselves
4) reclaim midwifery for women, women can be doctors and nurses
5) extend their interests to politics and all of humanity

Question 8

wollstonecraft believes that men and women are ________ in the eyes of God

Answer 8

equal

Question 9

why does wollstonecraft say that the education of woman is necessary?

Answer 9

without it, society can’t reach its full potential. women are the child’s first teacher and with education, they can better educate their kids and also be a better partner in relationships with men

Question 10

marx says that capitalism is:

Answer 10

morally intolerable evil

Question 11

Capitalism makes socialist and communism possible, but…

Answer 11

not inevitable.

that kind of society can only be made if its predecessor is fully destroyed

Question 12

in order for capitalism to happen, the working class must…

Answer 12

realize that their class interests are diametrically opposed to those of the dominant, capitalist bourgeoisie

Question 13

according to marx, history is a two-fold struggle:

Answer 13

1) struggle to master nature for human ends
2) struggle between different social classes

Question 14

according to marx, religion is:

Answer 14

the opiate of the people. it dulls their minds to the possibility that systems are made and changed by human beings

Question 15

what is marx’s false consciousness?

Answer 15

it’s what the working class suffers from. the working class is unable to form a true picture of their situation/the system that exploits them and believe that they live in a system that cannot be changed

Question 16

marx wants his theory to do two things:

Answer 16

1) help workers overcome their false consciousness by giving them means to identify misinformation
2) point to the possibility of another, more just/equitable society (aka, communist, classless)

Question 17

four ways capitalism is alienating (plus one extra)

Answer 17

1) workers from their products of labor
2) from creativity
3) dulls the workers’ capacity to create/enjoy beauty
4) workers from one another, makes them competitors, not friends

+1) capitalist is alienated from the world, placing money above all else

Question 18

seven steps to marx’s revolution

Answer 18

1) worsening economic crisis
2) immiseration of proletariat
3) revolutionary class consciousness
4) overthrow the bourgeoisie
5) dictator of the proletariat
6) dictatorship withers
7) classless communist society emerges

(everyone gets stuck on 5)

Question 19

marx’s staples of communist society

Answer 19

1) democratic
2) means of production is publicly owned and democratically controlled
3) free public education
4) all able-bodied will work
5) production is based on ability, distribution is based on need

Question 20

mill’s civil liberty

Answer 20

limit that must be set on society’s power over everyone

Question 21

mill’s three types of liberty:

Answer 21

1) thought and opinion
2) tastes and pursuits/plan your own life
3) join other like-minded individuals for a common purpose that doesn’t hurt anyone

each must be respected by a free society

these take away society’s need to force compliance

Question 22

humanity is _______ by silencing opinions because:

Answer 22

hurt!

suppressed opinion may be true, and by silencing them it can hurt the whole

Question 23

four reasons that mill says humanity hurts when opinions are silenced:

Answer 23

1) you can only be confident in being right when there’s contradiction–if you have a mistake, you can only fix it by experience/discussion. you’re only sure you’re right when you’re open to different opinions
2) stifling dissenting opinions for social good caused horrible tragedy, ex; Jesus. what is good today may be rejected tomorrow
3) truth will always survive persecution, but re-emergence can take centuries
4) societal intolerance causes people to hide their views, stifling intellectualism and independent thoughts

Question 24

mill says that actions ___________ be as free as opinions.

Answer 24

shouldn’t.

must be limited when they’d harm others or be a nuisance

Question 25

mill says that if you wanna impose your morality on others…

Answer 25

you should be willing to accept them imposing on you!

you can try to change minds but ought not be coercive (unless you’re preventing more harm, ex; keeping a violent alcoholic away from alcohol)

Question 26

mill’s harm principle

Answer 26

1) people aren’t accountable to society for actions that only concern themselves
2) you’re accountable for actions that hurt others, and can be punished as necessary for those actions (minus free trade and competitive jobs since those help everyone overall)

Question 27

mill says that leaving children uneducated is…

Answer 27

a crime against society and the child. they should be able to have general knowledge of facts

Question 28

mill’s three objections to the gov’t intervening to help people (instead of letting them do it themselves)

Answer 28

1) person most qualified to do something is usually the one with direct interest in it.
2) useful that people diy things for their personal development
3) bad to add to the gov’t’s power, since it will stifle reform to protect its own interests–thus human development is stifled and ultimately the state itself is stifled.

Question 29

mill wrote…

Answer 29

On Liberty