Exam 1 Flashcards
Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas
timocracy
form of govt where the rulers are motivated by a love of honor/ambition
oligarchy
govt resting on a valuing of property where the rich have power and the poor are deprived of it
democracy
system of govt where the whole population of all eligible members of a state/citizens have a say
tyranny
rule by one who has absolute power
allegory of the cave
metaphor explaining levels of ignorance and reasoning in a community, the number of ignorant folks outnumbers those who can reason.
conjecture
images like shadows and reflections, ex; the shadows on the wall of the cave
belief
objects like animals and trees, ex; the actual statues used to make the shadows
understanding
thoughts, images, and ideas like the ideas square, the study of mathematics, ex; the journey up through the cave
exercise of reason
after your studies you can see the perfect beauty, courage, and justice, ex; reaching outside the cave
forms
for everything in existence, ex; the table, or justice, exists in a perfect form in heaven.
telos
the principle end. what anything becomes when its growth is complete as long as it develops fully its inner nature
autarky
a self-sufficient economic unit that requires neither imports/exports to satisfy the population. everything they need is made in the polis
insonomia
equality before the law
demokratia
rule of the people
polis
a form of govt that includes all three classes of society and represents moderation (rich, poor, middle class)
the city of god
augustine; the love for god, need to accept him into your life and follow his laws
the city of man
augustine; self-love, rejecting god and not living by god’s law
eternal law
god’s plan for all eternity that is only known to god
natural law
the part of god’s plan that is revealed to man through reason.
civil law
laws made by man that are based on the old and new testament
aristotle
student of plato, wants to find the good life and admits that we cannot have everything. best combo for max happiness is the polis, where common and personal interests intersect (ex; school taxes)
plato
humans must reach full potential without interruption. the soul has three parts, each class in society is a new tier of ignorance, not everyone can reason, philosopher king/queen to rule them all, govts all crumble
augustine
founder of the alt right, writes the city of man, discusses religion and politics intersecting (church and king together), reason is given to us by god and we can embrace him or turn away from him (concept of free will), all must follow god’s laws, political power = controlling adults via coercion
aquinas
mix of aristotle and augustine, introduces separation of church and state, all must follow god’s law, eternal/natural/civil law, still right but more moderate than augustine, reason reveals god’s plan to us
plato’s three parts of the soul
a/s/r
appetites - the common people who are happy to not worry about the whole world
the spirit - honor, auxillary guard, they understand that life is greater than the individual, the military protecting their community
reason - philosopher ruler, pinnacle of understanding via education, rule w/ justice
each philosopher’s ideal state
plato - aristocracy
aristotle - monarchy/aristocracy/polis
augustine - monarchy
aquinas -monarchy
cycle of gov’ts according to plato
monarchy to tyranny, aristocracy to oligarchy, polis to democracy