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Space exploration 3010 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is jupiter called the king of the planets?

A

Because it’s the largest planet in the solar system

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2
Q

How does Jupiter’s diameter and mass compare to the Earth’s?

A

Diameter: 11x Earth’s diameter
Mass: 300x Earth’s mass

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3
Q

How many flybys have visited jupiter?

A

7 flybys
- Pioneer 10
- Pioneer 11
- Voyager 1
- Voyager 2
- Ulysses
- Cassini
- New horizons

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4
Q

How many orbiters have visited jupiter?

A

2 orbiters
- Galileo
- Juno

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5
Q

How many probes have visited jupiter?

A

1 probe
- Galileo probe

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6
Q

What are the five spacecrafts leaving the solar system?

A
  • Pioneer 10
  • Pioneer 11
  • Voyager 1
  • Voyager 2
  • New horizons
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7
Q

How did the five spacecrafts achieve escape velocity?

A

By utilizing gravity assist

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8
Q

How long does it take Jupiter to orbit the sun?

A

12 Earth years

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9
Q

What causes the coriolis effect on jupiter?

A

It’s large size and rapid rotation

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10
Q

What kind of winds cause Jupiter’s atmospheric vortices to form?

A

Sheer winds

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11
Q

When was Jupiter’s great red spot discovered?

A

1600’s

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12
Q

How is jupiter’s powerful magnetic field generated?

A

Convection with metallic hydrogen, rapid rotation

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13
Q

What are jupiter’s rings made of?

A

Rock dust, radiation from the sun.

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14
Q

How many flybys have visited saturn?

A

4
- Pioneer 11
- Voyager 1
- Voyager 2
- Cassini-Huygens

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15
Q

How may orbiters have visited saturn?

A

2
- Cassini-Huygens
- Juno

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16
Q

How many probes have visited saturn?

A

4
- Pioneer 11
- Voyager 1
- Voyager 2
- Cassini-Huygens

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17
Q

How does saturns density compare to the density of other planets?

A

It’s the least dense.

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18
Q

How long does it take for saturn to orbit the sun?

A

29.4 Earth Years

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19
Q

Why doesn’t Saturn have cloud bands like Jupiter?

A

Cloaked by clouds formed from frozen ammonia gas. Smog or haze that cannot be seen through.

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20
Q

What is the overall diameter of Saturn’s rings? How does this compare to the distance between the Earth and the Moon?

A

Diameter: 240,000
Saturn and its rings would just in the distance between Earth and the Moon.

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21
Q

In what year will Saturn’s rings next appear edge on and be difficult to see as viewed from Earth?

A

2025

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22
Q

What causes the gaps in saturns rings?

A

Resonance with moons (Enceladus 1-3, Mimas 1-2)
Shepherding moons (moonlets)

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23
Q

What happens to an object that is held together by gravity if it crosses a planet’s Roche limit?

A

If something gets that close the tidal forces will tear it apart if it’s held together by gravity.

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24
Q

How many missions have visited Uranus? Name them.

A

Voyager 2

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25
Q

How does Uranus’s diameter and mass compare to the Earth’s?

A

Diameter: 4x Earth’s
Mass: 15x Earth’s

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26
Q

Why are seasons extreme on uranus?

A

The equator is nearly at a right angle to its orbit with a tilt of 97.77 degrees.

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27
Q

How long does it take Uranus to orbit the Sun?

A

84 Earth Years

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28
Q

How many missions have visited Neptune? Name them.

A

Voyager 2

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29
Q

How long does it take Neptune to orbit the Sun?

A

165 Earth years

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30
Q

Which astronomer first observed Neptune?

A

Johann Gottfried Galle

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31
Q

How does Neptune’s diameter and mass compare to the Earth’s?

A

Diameter: 3.9X earths
Mass: 17X earths

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32
Q

Is the Great Dark Spot a permanent feature on Neptune like the Great Red Spot is on Jupiter?

A

Not a permanent feature, may come back, may not.

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33
Q

What did the Hubble Space Telescope see when it looked for it in 1994?

A

That the southern dark spot had disappeared.

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34
Q

Which spacecraft is currently the farthest from Earth?

A

Voyager 1

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35
Q

How long would it take for Pioneer 10 to reach Alpha Centauri (the closest star system to the
Earth) if it were headed that way?

A

40,000 years

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36
Q

Who was the US president when the two Voyager missions launched in August and September of 1977?

A

Jimmy carter

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37
Q

When one of them flew by Uranus in January of 1986? When Neptune was reached in August of 1989?

A

August 25th 1989

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38
Q

Chapter 12
Who discovered the first moons in the Solar System other than our Moon?

A

Galileo Galilei

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39
Q

How many large moons are there?

A

Seven

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40
Q

How many medium moons are there

A

13

41
Q

How many moons have been discovered around Jupiter?

A

95

42
Q

How many moons have been discovered around Saturn?

A

146

43
Q

How many moons have been discovered around Uranus?

A

28

44
Q

How many moons have been discovered around Neptune?

A

16

45
Q

How can you tell if a moon is a captured asteroid or a comet?

A

If its non-spherical, or looks like a potato.

46
Q

Which moon is the most volcanically active world in the Solar System.

A

Jupiter’s moon IO

47
Q

Which three things cause Io to be so hot?

A

Tidal heating, radiogenic heating, and lack of an atmosphere.

48
Q

Which moon is the smoothest known object in the Solar System?

A

Europa

49
Q

Which moon is the largest in the Solar System?

A

Ganymede

50
Q

Which moon has a substantial atmosphere?

A

Titan

51
Q

Which mission carried a probe to explore Titan?

A

Cassini Huygens project

52
Q

What liquids are found on Titan?

A

Methane and ethane (liquid natural gas)

53
Q

What are the tumbled rocks imaged by the Huygens probe made of?

A

Organic molecules nitrogen with traces of methane

54
Q

Which moon is the only large irregular moon?

A

Triton

55
Q

Which two-faced moon is much darker on its leading hemisphere than on its trailing hemisphere?

A

Iapetus

56
Q

Which moon has smaller moons in both its L4 & L5 Lagrange points? Name them.

A

Telesto and calypso

57
Q

Which moon is the smallest known geologically active moon in the Solar System?

A

Enceladus

58
Q

Which relatively small moon is a prime candidate for life?

A

Mimas

59
Q

Which moon has the greatest variation in topography anywhere in the Solar System?

A

Io

60
Q

Which moon is called the Death Star Moon?

A

Mimas

61
Q

Which moon’s temperature map gave it the nickname Pac Man Moon?

A

Tethys

62
Q

Which small moon is the reddest Solar System object?

A

amalthea

63
Q

Which two co-orbital moons trade orbital locations every four years?

A

Janus and Epimetheus

64
Q

Which moon is the only regular moon that is not tidally locked to its planet?

A

Hyperion

65
Q

Which moon gave a passing spacecraft a 200 V shock?

A

Cassini, from hyperion

66
Q

Name the three ‘ravioli’ moons. What gives them their strange shape?

A

Phobos, Deimos, and epimetheus
The shape is influenced by their relatively low gravity and their formation process. They are likely captured objects.

67
Q

Which planet does ariel orbit?

A

Uranus

68
Q

Which planet does callisto orbit?

A

jupiter

69
Q

Which planet does dione orbit?

A

saturn

70
Q

Which planet does Enceladus orbit?

A

saturn

71
Q

Which planet does europa orbit?

A

jupiter

72
Q

Which planet does ganymede orbit?

A

jupiter

73
Q

Which planet does io orbit?

A

Jupiter

74
Q

Which planet does Oberon orbit?

A

Uranus

75
Q

Which planet does proteus orbit?

A

neptune

76
Q

Which planet does titan orbit?

A

saturn

77
Q

Which planet does triton orbit?

A

neptune

78
Q

Which planet does umbriel orbit?

A

Uranus

79
Q

What is the diameter of the nucleus of a typical comet?

A

10-20 km

80
Q

In which direction do comet tails point?

A

away from the sun

81
Q

How long are the periods of short-period comets?

A

up to 200 years

82
Q

Are great comets usually short period or long period comets?

A

they can be either, usually long period

83
Q

Given the provisional name of a comet, identify the type of comet and the year and month it was
discovered.

A

p/: periodic short term
c/: non periodic long term
D/: periodic comet that bro,e up or was lost
a/: wrongly designated as a comet
i/:interstellar objct
Year discovered, letter indicating ½ month of discovery (skips I)

84
Q

How many interstellar objects have been discovered? Name them

A

2, Oumuamua, 2I/Borisov

85
Q

How many comets have been visited by spacecraft?

A

2, comet halley, comet tempel 1

86
Q

Which mission returned a sample of comet dust to Earth?

A

NASA’s stardust mission

87
Q

Which mission followed a comet in its orbit to see how it changed in time?

A

Rosetta mission

88
Q

Where do short period comets come from?

A

kuiper belts

89
Q

Where do long period comets come from?

A

oort cloud

90
Q

What is the total mass of the Kuiper belt compared to the Earth’s?

A

10% of earths

91
Q

What part of the Kuiper belt is the principal source of comets?

A

classical kuiper belt

92
Q

How does Pluto’s diameter and mass compare to Earth’s?

A

Diameter: 1/5
1/5 mass

93
Q

How long does it take for Pluto to orbit the Sun?

A

248 earth years

94
Q

How many dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt do we presently have? Name them.

A

5
Pluto, Haumea, makemake, eris, gonggong

95
Q

Why does Haumea have such an unusual shape?

A

Ellipsoid shape, equators twice the radius as poles

96
Q

What is the shape of the Inner Oort Cloud? What are its approximate boundaries?

A

Donut shaped, 2,000 AU to 20,000 AU

97
Q

What is the shape of the Outer Oort Cloud? What are its approximate boundaries?

A

Spherical shell, 2,000 AU to 50,000 AU

98
Q

What can change the orbit of a comet?

A

Interstellar gas cloud
Supernova shock wave
Passing star
Dense part of the milky way

Space exploration 3010 (4 decks)

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