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AdultCare1-Cook > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some findings from a urinalysis that may indicate a possible UTI?

A

foul odor and presence or nitrites and leukocyte esterase

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2
Q

what does an elevated urine specific gravity indicate?

A

dehydration

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3
Q

The nurse is caring for a client who complains of recurrent flank pain and N/V for the past 24 hr. What action is the nurses priority?

A

administer pain medication

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4
Q

What measures can be taken to prevent UTIs?

A
  • wipe front to back
  • empty bladder regularly and completely
  • drink apple cider vinegar daily
  • drink 2-3 L/day
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5
Q

what would be a contraindication for a kidney biopsy?

A

bleeding tendencies

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6
Q

what are 2 actions the nurse could take if they suspect their client has a UTI?

A

check urine and culture sensitivity and request an antispasmodic agent

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7
Q

which pathogen is the most common cause of pyelonephritis?

A

e. coli

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8
Q

what education about pyelonephritis should the nurse include?

A

pyelonephritis increases a pregnant woman’s risk of preterm labor

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9
Q

what are some expected findings with PKD (polycystic kidney disease)?

A
  • flank pain
  • HTN
  • polyuria
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10
Q

What should the client avoid doing during a creatinine clearance test?

A

rigorous exercise, as this may increase values

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11
Q

What should the nurse ensure for a traction device used on a patient?

A

that the weights are free hanging at all times

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12
Q

What is indicated by a positive Phalen’s sign?

A

carpal tunnel

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13
Q

What is seen in a positive Phalen test?

A

tingling/numbness over median nerve, palmar surface of thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of ring finger

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14
Q

What are some qualities of a fiber glass cast that differ from plaster?

A

weighs less, less restrictive, lighter in weight, and requires less drying time

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15
Q

what type of fractures would be classified as the bone being splintered into several pieces?

A

comminuted

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16
Q

what is true about the postoperative process of placing a prosthesis?

A

physical therapy will teach exercises to strengthen muscle for prosthesis use

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17
Q

The patient tells the nurse, “I’ve been peeing so much this week, i always feel like I need to go, and it hurts when i try to pee.” what order should the nurse expect?

A

culture and sensitivity, as these are the trademarks or a UTI

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18
Q

what urinalysis lab findings can be expected with a UTI?

A

leukocytes esterase, nitrites, and bacteria

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19
Q

what may recurrent flank pain, nausea, and recent vomiting indicate?

A

kidney stones

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20
Q

what postoperative complication would pose the greatest risk to the client?

A

hemorrhage

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21
Q

a client’s urinalysis is positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites, what action should the nurse take?

A

obtain a clean-catch culture and sensitivity

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22
Q

What actions should a nurse take for a client who has chronic pyelonephritis?

A
  • referral for nutrition counseling
  • palpate CVA
  • monitor urinary output
  • administer abx
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23
Q

what is priority intervention for a client who has a UTI?

A

administer antibiotics

24
Q

what education can be provided to a female who has frequent UTIs?

A

avoid sitting in wet bathing suit, empty bladder when you have urge to pee, shower daily, wipe front to back, wear cotton underwear

25
Q

what are some expected findings for an admission assessment of a client with renal calculi?

A

tachycardia, diaphoresis, oliguria, tachypnea

26
Q

what education should the nurse give to a client who has had spontaneous passage of calcium phosphate renal calculi?

A
  • limit high animal proteins
  • reduce sodium intake
  • report burning to provider
  • increase to 3L/day
27
Q

what foods can be avoided to prevent the recurrence of calcium oxalate calculus?

A

black tea and spinach

28
Q

what intervention should the nurse implement for a client with phantom pain?

A

administer antileptic medication

29
Q

how can flexion contractures be prevented with amputations?

A

position the client prone several times a say (20-30 min each time) and ROM exercises w/residual limb

30
Q

what indicates proper understanding of external fixation device care?

A
  • clean pins (increase frequency if drainage increases)
  • separate cotton swab for each pin
  • report loosening of pins
  • report increasing redness at pin sites
31
Q

what long bone injury complication is trademarked by red-brown petechiae around the neck, upper arms, and chest?

A

fat embolism

32
Q

what causes a fat embolism?

A

fat globules released from a long bone

33
Q

what are the treatment measures for fat embolisms?

A

bed rest, oxygen, IVF, and fracture immobilization

34
Q

what 4 steps should be taken first if a person in the community experiences a traumatic amputation?

A
  1. call 911
  2. assess ABCs
  3. gauze/clean cloth over wound
  4. elevate above heart
35
Q

how should an amputated body part be preserved? (3 steps)

A
  1. wrap in clean gauze
  2. place in a water tight bag
  3. place bag into a bag of ice water
36
Q

what may a TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) unit be ordered for treatment of?

A

phantom limb pain

37
Q

should anything be applied to the stump following amputation?

A

NO, alcohol dries and lotion makes skin too soft (breakdown)

38
Q

How can flexion contractures be prevented following an amputation?

A
  • turn every 2 hr
  • use firm mattress
  • lay prone for 20-30 min every 3-4 hr
39
Q

Though red-brown petechiae is only seen with fat embolism, what signs are seen in both PE and fat embolism?

A
  • AMS
  • increased RR, HR
  • chest pain
  • dyspnea/crackles
  • decreased SpO2
40
Q

when is a fat embolism most likely to occur?

A

24-48 hr after the injury

41
Q

what is a fasciotomy and when is it used?

A

surgical procedure where incision is made through the fascia to relieve pressure as is seen in compartment syndrome

42
Q

what should be avoided with care of a patient with compartment syndrome?

A

do NOT ice or elevate

43
Q

what is likely to cause fatigue/stress fractures?

A

excessive strain

44
Q

what can a KUB x-ray be utilized to determine?

A

if you have a stone

45
Q

what is the biggest risk following a kidney biopsy?

A

hemorrhage

46
Q

if a patient was admitted to the ER with knee pain and swelling after playing baseball, what should the nurse do?

A
  • assess quality/severity (pain)
  • neurovascular assessment
  • elevate extremity
  • immobilize injured joint
47
Q

if a patient had right leg pain, numbness, and tingling following an ORIF of the right tibia, what should the nurse do?

A

perform neurovascular assessment

48
Q

what pt teaching should be given for care for 24 hrs after ORIF on right wrist?

A
  • ice pack first 24 hr
  • report coolness/discoloration
  • move fingers frequently (blood flow)
49
Q

what are normal age-related musculoskeletal changes?

A

atrophy
slowed movement
kyphosis
arthritis
widened gait
decreased ROM

50
Q

what is an early manifestation of fat embolus?

A

AMS

51
Q

what action should a patient take if they see increased redness at the pin site of an external fixator?

A

report provider

52
Q

what are some findings with acute pyelonephritis?

A

frequency
dysuria
tachycardia
CVA tenderness

53
Q

what finding 1 hr after a kidney biopsy would require the nurse to take immediate action?

A

pink-tinged urine

54
Q

what foods to avoid with calcium oxalate stones?

A

black tea
spinach

55
Q

What is the priority nursing action for glomerular nephritis?

A

Admin ABX (commonly caused be streptococcus)

56
Q

What is sometimes done in terms of fluid for pts with glomerular nephritis?

A

fluid restrictions (prevent edema: crackles and all that)

AdultCare1-Cook (8 decks)

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