Exam 3

Question 1

Shows the number and shapes of the chromosomes representitive of a species

Answer 1

Karyotype

Question 2

with the exception of gametes humans have how many chromosomes

Answer 2

46

Question 3

a pair of chromosomes of the same type carring the same set of genes

Answer 3

homologous chromosomes

Question 4

a cell with one complete set of chromosomes

Answer 4

haploid

Question 5

a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 5

diploid

Question 6

the two copies of a chromosome produced by DNA replication

Answer 6

Sister chromatids

Question 7

two sister chromatids are held together by

Answer 7

centromere

Question 8

the miotic spindle originates from the

Answer 8

centrosome

Question 9

telomeres are maintained by an enzyme called

Answer 9

telomerase

Question 10

as cells movve fromG2 phase to start of mitosis the chromosome condenses and becomes bisible in the nucleus. This process is

Answer 10

chromosome condensation

Question 11

first stage of mitosis

Answer 11

prophase

Question 12

order of phases in mitosis

Answer 12

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telephase

Question 13

gametes are produced through

Answer 13

meiotic cell divison- which results in a dauter cell with half the # of chromosomes as the parent

Question 14

meiotic cell devition results in __ daughter cells

Answer 14

four

Question 15

True/False
each of the cells produced through meiotic divition is genetically diffrent

Answer 15

true

Question 16

meiotic cell divition has _ rounds of DNA replication and _ rounds of cell division

Answer 16

meiotic cell divition has 1 round of DNA replication and 2 rounds of cell divition

Question 17

synapsis

Answer 17

The alligned and precise pairing of homologous chromosomes in prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 18

cytokinesis is the process in which

Answer 18

the parent cell divides into two

Question 19

linked genes are

Answer 19

genes that are sufficiently close together in the same chromosome and do not assort independently

Question 20

nonrecombiinants

Answer 20

progeney in which alleles are present in the same combination as that present in a parent

Question 21

recombinants

Answer 21

an offspring with a diffrent combination of alleles from that of eithier parent resulting from one or more crossovers in prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 22

females have what kind of chromosomes

Answer 22

XX

Question 23

a polyploid has how many complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 23

four or more

Question 24

what does the reglatory protein cyclin do

Answer 24

cyclin rises and falls with each turn of the cell cycle and activates kinases which target proteins to promote cell division

Question 25

when is Cyclin-dependent kinases active

Answer 25

when bound to the appropriate cyclin

Question 26

when is there checkpoints in the cell cycle

Answer 26

1. end of G1 before DNA synthesis 2. end of G2 before entering mitosis 3. before anaphase

Question 27

apoptosis is

Answer 27

programed cell death

Question 28

oncogenes are

Answer 28

a cancer-causing gene resulting from mutation in a proto-oncogene

Question 29

subphases of interphase

Answer 29

G1 S phase G2 phase

Question 30

chromosome= ___ + ____

Answer 30

chromosome= DNA + Organizing proteins

Question 31

True/false Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear

Answer 31

True

Question 32

chromosomes are capped by to prevent what

Answer 32

end of chromosomes are capped by repetitive DNA sequences called telomeres to prevent fraying

Question 33

how mant primers does a leading strand and lagging strand have

Answer 33

leading strand has 1 primer lagging strand has multiple

Question 34

telomeres are maintained by

Answer 34

an enzyne called telomerase

Question 35

the tolmerase activity in somatic cells is

Answer 35

almost inactive

Question 36

how are sister chromatids related

Answer 36

one is an exact replica of the other formed during S phase

Question 37

goal of mitosis

Answer 37

arange and divide the 46 sister chroatid pairs in a way that each daughter cell ends up with 46 chromosomes

Question 38

the mitotic spindle attaches to the sentromore connecting two sister chromatids via the

Answer 38

kinetochores

Question 39

wich cytoskeltal element forms the contractile ring

Answer 39

actin microfilaments

Question 40

a bivalent is

Answer 40

a four stranded chromosomal structure characterized by a pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 41

equational division

Answer 41

cells entering meiosis 2 have the same number of chromosomes as the cells resulting from the process

Question 42

polar bodies

Answer 42

a small cell produced by the asymmetric first meiotic division of primary oocyte

Question 43

gametes

Answer 43

egg cells and sperm cells haploid

Question 44

true breeding is

Answer 44

a trait whose physical appearance in each sucessive generation is identical to that in the previous one

Question 45

in the F2 progeny mendel found a ratio of

Answer 45

3:1 Dominant:Recessive

Question 46

principle of segregation

Answer 46

the principle by which half the gametes recive one allel of a gene and half receive the other allele

Question 47

A zygote is

Answer 47

a fefrtalized egg

Question 48

test cross

Answer 48

any cross of an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive genotype

Question 49

codominance is

Answer 49

the expression of both alleles in a genotype heterozygous for two allels with neither allele being recessive or dominant to the other