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Psych 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness.

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3
Q

dual processing

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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4
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failure to notice/encode features when our attention is elsewhere

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5
Q

selective attention

A

focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimuli

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6
Q

blindsight

A

the ability of people who are cortically blind to respond to visual stimuli that they do not consciously see due to lesions in the primary visual cortex

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7
Q

sleep

A

a complex reversible neurobiological state characterized by closed eyes, behavioral quiescence, and perceptual disengagement from one’s surroundings

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8
Q

circadian rhythm

A

The natural cycle of physical, mental, and behavior changes that the body goes through in a 24-hour cycle.

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9
Q

electroencephalogram EGG

A

a test that measures electrical activity in the brain using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp

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10
Q

sleep stages

A

Stage one, stage two, stage three, stage two, stage one REM.

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11
Q

beta waves

A

waking waves. these are tight lines

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12
Q

alpha waves

A

waking waves, but your brain is relaxed and typically preparing for sleep. these waves are spread apart but still tight

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13
Q

NREM 1 initial sleep stage

A

the brain waves look like beta but less tight. less brain activity. you can see random images as well.

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14
Q

NREM 2 stage 2

A

the waves start to go up, down, but are still a little tight and starting to go further apart. your body is in a deep state of relaxation.

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15
Q

NREM 3 stage 3

A

“slow waves” these waves are very far apart and very up and down. this stage is for memory consolidation. It’s hard to wake up.

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16
Q

REM emergent stage 1

A

these waves closely resemble alpha waking waves. this is the most important part of sleep. without it, people can’t seem to function well. we seem to have dreams during REM.

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17
Q

REM rebound

A

REM sleep is so important that if missed your brain will keep you in REM sleep longer the next time you sleep.

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18
Q

dreams

A

a state of consciousness characterized by sensory, cognitive and emotional occurrences during sleep

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19
Q

activation synthesis theory

A

when humans dream, the mind is trying to comprehend the brain activity that is taking place in the brain stem

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20
Q

information processing theory

A

sleep allows us to consolidate and process all of the information and memories that we have collected during the previous day

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21
Q

developmental psychology

A

a field of study that focuses on people’s change and growth across their lifespan

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22
Q

nature vs nurture

A

genes vs how one was raised

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23
Q

genes

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

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24
Q

continuity vs stages

A

if someone’s personal evolutions happen in stages like pokémon or slowly evolve overtime

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25
Q

stability vs change

A

has someone been one kind of person their whole lives or has change happened?

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26
Q

prenatal development

A

the kind of development that happens in the womb

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27
Q

zygote

A

right after egg, for 2 weeks

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28
Q

embryonic

A

right after zygote

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29
Q

fetal

A

right after the embryo until birth

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30
Q

chromosome

A

DNA that is found in the nucleus of each cell.

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31
Q

Down Syndrome

A

extra chromosome

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32
Q

huntington’s disease

A

you don’t developed till you are older, but it’s genetic so you’ll def get it if your family has a history

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33
Q

pruning

A

the process in which the brain removes neurons and synapses that it does not need. This usually takes place when a person is 2–10 years old. disconnecting muscle responses and such

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34
Q

myelination

A

process of creating the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of the nerves, forming an electrically insulating layer

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35
Q

teratogens

A

a substance that interferes with normal fetal development and causes congenital disabilities.

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36
Q

fetal alchohol syndrome

A

the wide range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcohol exposure before birth

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37
Q

motor development

A

developing motor control through synapse pruning

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38
Q

sensory development

A

enhances the use of your child’s senses by incorporating different colours, textures, noises and more into their early education

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39
Q

social development

A

development of relationships with others, their understanding of the meaning of their relationships with others, and their understanding of others’ behaviors, attitudes, and intentions.

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40
Q

acuity

A

sharpness of the mind. Things considered in determining a person’s mental acuity are memory, focus, concentration, and understanding.

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41
Q

preferential looking

A

to look at something for longer, typically of a baby to faces

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42
Q

Habituation

A

to get used to

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43
Q

Dishabituation

A

to become unused to

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44
Q

Cognition

A

how children think, explore and figure things out

45
Q

Jean Piaget

A

children take an active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments

46
Q

sensorimotor

A

first stage of development. Children learn how to perceive the world around them through the senses and such.

47
Q

schemas

A

infants way of explaining the world—trying to make sense of things

48
Q

object permanence

A

Being able to distinguish that an object still exists, even if you cannot see it

49
Q

Preoperational

A

This is the second stage in development. Children in the states, do not understand conservation or theory of mind, but they have egocentrism and mind blindness.

50
Q

Concrete operational

A

this stage lasts from ages 8 to 12 and is characterized by understanding conservation.

51
Q

conservation

A

Understanding that the mass of something doesn’t change, even if the size of the container does

52
Q

Theory of mind

A

Understanding that other people have different thoughts, emotions, and feelings

53
Q

Egocentrism

A

The inability differentiate between the self and the other

54
Q

Autism

A

a developmental disorder that affects information processing. People with autism have difficulties with social and communication skills. They have restricted interests and engage in repetitive behaviors.

55
Q

mind blindness

A

inability to guess what someone else may be thinking

56
Q

Formal operational

A

12 years of age and up. Abstract thought forms and so does theory of mind

57
Q

Sensation

A

the process of the sensory organs transforming physical energy into neurological impulses the brain interprets as the five senses of vision, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.

58
Q

stimulus

A

Something that triggers your sensory receptors

59
Q

Transduction

A

In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses our brains can interpret.

60
Q

Receptors

A

the things that collect sensory input

61
Q

perception

A

The way the mind organizes information that has been sensed

62
Q

absolute threshold

A

Threshold in which a stimulus can half the time be brought into awareness, and half of the time not be

63
Q

Subliminal persuasion

A

using weak stimulus that the brain doesn’t bring into awareness to influence somebody.

64
Q

Sensory adaption

A

to get used to a stimulus and your brain stops bringing it to your awareness

65
Q

Wavelength

A

Wavelength of light determines color and shade

66
Q

intensity

A

Intensity of color is determined by up-and-down length of light waves

67
Q

optics of the eye

A

Crystalline lens, cornea, pupil, retina

68
Q

Retina

A

the part of the eye that senses the information going in

69
Q

fovea

A

a small depression within the neurosensory retina where visual acuity is the highest

70
Q

optic nerve

A

The nerves that sends visual information to the back of the brain through the thalamus

71
Q

Blindspot

A

where the pupil is, you cannot see, because there is a hole in vision where the optic nerve goes into the head. the nose too

72
Q

rods

A

these detect dim light very well and are more abundant

73
Q

Cones

A

these detect colors and fine visual information very well. They are less abundant.

74
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

The primary visual cortex is in the occipital lobe

75
Q

Feature detectors

A

any of various hypothetical or actual mechanisms within the human information-processing system that respond selectively to specific distinguishing features

76
Q

figure-ground

A

the organization of the visual field by separating an object (figure) from its surroundings (ground).

77
Q

gestalt grouping rules

A

grouping things together based on how your mind organizes it, created by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohle

78
Q

proximity

A

grouping things based on closeness

79
Q

continuity

A

grouping things based on continuing lines

80
Q

closure

A

grouping things based on closure

81
Q

color consistency

A

our ability to perceive colors as relatively constant over varying illuminations

82
Q

voodoo death

A

so stressed about dying, that when you reach stress exhaustion you ACTUALLY DIE

83
Q

health psychology

A

Health psychology examines how biological, social and psychological factors influence health and illness

84
Q

psychoneuroimmunolgy

A

the study of the connection between psych, neuro, and immune system functions

85
Q

stressor

A

something that has potential to cause stress

86
Q

stress reaction

A

how you react to a stressor

87
Q

catastrophe

A

a stressor categorized as natural disaster/life threatening situation

88
Q

significant life changes

A

The type of stressor categorized by death of loved one, getting married/divorced, moving, graduating

89
Q

daily hassles and social stress

A

a type of stressor caused by less permanent, daily tasks such as social interactions

90
Q

Water Cannon

A

Walter Cannon and Philip Bard. Cannon-Bard theory states that we feel emotions and experience physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, and muscle tension simultaneously.

91
Q

flight or response

A

coined by walter cannon to describe key behaviors that occur in context to perceived threat

92
Q

cortisol

A

stress hormone

93
Q

acute stress

A

Acute stress is the overreaction to a minor stressor experienced on a daily basis.

94
Q

chronic stress

A

Many people, over the course of their lives, have experienced acute stress, a dramatic physiological and psychological reaction to a specific event. Chronic stress, however, is a consistent sense of feeling pressured and overwhelmed over a long period of time.

95
Q

Hans Selye

A

creator of general adaption syndrome (GAS)

96
Q

General adaption syndrome (GAS)

A

describes the physiologic changes your body goes through as it responds to stress. These changes occur in stages: An alarm reaction (also called fight-or-flight) A resistance phase (in which your body recovers) A period of exhaustion (if your body fails to recover before being burnt out).

97
Q

coronary heart disease

A

the most common heart condition caused by over stressing

98
Q

Type A personality

A

someone who can’t chill out, needs to be doing something as soon as possible, worried about everything

99
Q

Type B personality

A

this person can chill tf out and doesn’t stress excessively like type A persons do

100
Q

hostility

A

mistrust, cynicism, and negative beliefs and attributions concerning others

101
Q

cope

A

the way in which one deals with stressor

102
Q

tend and befriend

A

usually women do this. you go to others for comfort

103
Q

problem focused coping

A

you turn to the center of the problem to fix it so the stress goes away

104
Q

repressive coping

A

if you don’t think about it, it’s not there!

105
Q

emotion focused coping

A

if you are unable to fix a problem, most people turn toward emotion focused coping. you turn to making yourself feel better despite the ongoing stressor

106
Q

perceived control

A

feeing like you are in control can make it way less stressful

107
Q

aerobic exercise

A

this can do so much to counter stress and depression

108
Q

relaxation

A

this is a great counter for stress, but not as powerful as aerobic exercise

109
Q

meditation

A

this is a very powerful way to cope with stress. meditating clears mind. it retrains focus and reflection

Psych 101 (4 decks)

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