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ANFS 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Maternal behavior in Pigs.

A

 Nestbuilding
 Little licking
 Many nursing bouts  Nursing call

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1
Q

Maternal behavior in Cattle

A

 Amniotic fluid attraction  Grooming and bonding
 Vocalizations
 Nursing stance
 Calves are hiders

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2
Q

Maternal behavior in Sheep

A

 Amniotic fluid attraction  Licking important
 Acceptance of lambs
 Recognition
 Lambs are followers

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3
Q

Maternal behavior in Horses

A

 Thwart observation of foaling
 Some initial licking
 Mare uses vocal and olfactory cues to recognize
 Foal takes longer to recognize mare
 Foal vocalizes to nurse

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4
Q

Livestock behavior: Temperament

A

 genetics and environment genetically fearful tend to panic previous experience
“fear” memories
 flight zone
genetics and learning
 fearfulness  novelty

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5
Q

Effects of novelty

A

 strong stressor  intense behavior
and physiological reaction
but may approach  can reduce stress by confronting with novelty

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6
Q

Vision

A

 wide-angle
300 degrees in cattle, sheep and pigs detect sudden movement
 depth perception different changes in flooring
 color vision - dichromats blue-green and yellow-green

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7
Q

Noise

A

 high frequency
 unexpected noises are stressors
 adapt to continuous noise music can help reduce reaction
 avoid loud or novel noises in handling areas

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8
Q

Flight Zone

A

 personal space
 size
 depends on tameness
 size of enclosure  approach
 experience
 use to move/
handle animals
 work on the edge

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9
Q

Herd Animals

A

 stressed when separated
 agitation can result in injury
 use knowledge to move  follow-the-leader

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10
Q

Handling Facility Design

A

 utilize behavioral principles
 curves
circling tendency can’t see
 light

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11
Q

Good Handling Practices

A

 move small bunches
 no electric prods
 eliminate visual distractions
light, shiny, drains, shadows
 reduce noise
 hander movement
use flight zone
 slow pace
 use following behavior
 train handlers
understand behavior
reduce stress
 frequent gentle contact

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12
Q

Mammary Gland Secretions

A
  • Big chunky proteins in colostrum
  • Stimulates gut closure: Kind of working against itself
  • If doesn’t get colostrum will die.
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13
Q

Milk

A
  • Fat content varies.

- # of glands is different between species.

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14
Q

Cows Mammary Glands:

A
  • 4 glands
  • 4 teats
  • 1 canal
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15
Q

Mare Mammary glands

A
  • 2 glands
  • 2 teats
  • 2 canals
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16
Q

Ewe Mammary glands

A
  • 2 glands
  • 2 teats
  • 1 canal
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17
Q

Sow Mammary Glands

A
  • 4-9/ side glands
  • 4-9/ side teats
  • 2 canals
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18
Q

Prolactin

A
  • Important Hormone

- Involved with milk secretion

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19
Q

Once milk is secreted it is:

A

Held in mammary gland unless another hormone is released

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20
Q

Two stages of Lactogenisis:

A

Stage I: Put antibodies in to make colostrum (yellow color)

Stage II: Switch from colostrum production to milk production, generally over a week.

21
Q

Alveoli

A

Like a balloon made of one layer of secretory cells, hollow middle- emptied by duct work.

22
Q

Secretory Cells:

A

take amino acids from blood and synchronize to make milk protein. Then secrete them into hollow space where they stay.

23
Q

Milk release “Letdown”

A
  • Stimulated by CNS.
  • Sends signal to brain to release oxytocin from pituitary, baby is suckling, milk is released (when myoepithelial cells contract.)
24
Q

Involution

A

mammary gland shrinks then goes back and starts process all over again.

25
Q

Lactation for Dairy cows:

A

42 weeks (300 some odd days), mammary glands can weigh up to 100 lbs

26
Q

Weaning ages:

A

Big cows: 7 months.
Piglets: around 4 weeks.
Lambs: Around 6-7 weeks or as late as 7 months.

27
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Lactose

28
Q

Protein

A

Casein (about 80% of protein in milk)

29
Q

Lipids

A
  • milk fat

- Variable

30
Q

Milk Fever

A
  • Mom gives too much calcium then her body can produce, so starts to demineralize bones because it is taking calcium from its reserves.
  • Can be fatal.
  • Must monitor feed intake.
  • In sows its called Downer Sows Syndrome.
31
Q

Bovine Somatotropin (BST)

A
  • Drug or compound.
  • Cow growth hormone.
  • Species specific.
  • Naturally occurring hormone- made with rDNA.
  • Protein hormone (made of amino acids).
  • Must be injected.
  • Increase amount and efficiency of milk
  • From pituitary gland.
32
Q

Vertical integration

A

the control of two adjacent stages in the vertical marketing channel from producers to consumers.

33
Q

Contract integration

A

involves a firm (or company like Perdue poultry company) at one production– processing–distribution stage contracting with a firm at an adjacent stage for specific services and/or products.

34
Q

Ownership integration

A

differs in that the integrating firm owns most resources in both adjacent production–processing–distribution stages.

35
Q

Vertical Integration

A

An industry can be
 partially vertically integrated
 or totally vertically integrated.

36
Q

Vertical Coordination Motives

A

 Profit opportunities are the ultimate economic incentive.

37
Q

Profit opportunities may arise in response to:

A

 inefficiencies in production, processing, or
distribution,
 large transaction costs between stages in the industry,
 new technologies to reduce costs or improve products,
 or demand changes because of changing consumer preferences.

38
Q

Integration in poultry vastly exceeds that of pork and beef.
 The growth of contract integration and megasized hog production have raised questions regarding whether the pork industry will become totally vertically integrated but it has a lot of partial integration through contracts.
 Little vertical integration has occurred in the beef industry.  The beef industry typically has the most complex set of
production stages, which are difficult to coordinate,
 and it is characterized by the least uniformity and predictability of product quality.

A

.

39
Q

There is more incentive to integrate vertically in an industry that has a shorter biological process and in which genetic changes can be made more quickly.

A

.

40
Q

A fresh-packaged product is

A

a traditional fresh product sold with minimal processing.
 e.g., traditional fresh chicken

41
Q

A value-added product is

A

a product that has been
processed in some way that has enhanced its value.
 e.g., seasoned chicken cut into strips

42
Q

A differentiated product is

A

a value-added product
with a brand name.
 e.g., Purdue Short Cuts

43
Q

Brand Marketing

A

 Brand loyalty and perceived or actual product differentiation enables firms to charge premium prices at retail.
 Consumers are willing to pay a premium for consistent quality or perceived quality.
 Firms have an economic incentive to integrate vertically and to develop consumer brands and brand loyalty for differentiated products.

44
Q

Poultry

A

is a term that includes a wide variety of domestic birds, however, the important commercial species are chickens and turkeys and, to a much lesser degree, ducks and geese.

45
Q

Flock Health Management

A

Because of the concentrated nature of poultry production, a single virulent disease can cause millions of dead animals and millions in economic losses.
 Biosecurity measures are routinely practiced to minimize the risk of disease transmission from sources outside the production unit and reduce the transmission of diseases between groups of birds on the same farm.

46
Q

The poultry industry is a large and thriving business based on meat- and egg- producing chickens and turkeys for meat production.
 Generally speaking, chickens are one of two types: meat type or egg type.

A

.

47
Q

Disease

A

Anything in which normal function is changed.

-not just infections, could be trauma.

48
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of the disease: trauma, chemical, viral.

49
Q

Clinical

A

Can see symptoms

50
Q

Sub-clinical

A

No symptoms. Shedding infectious agent in snot, coughing, drool, urine, feces etc. ex: parasites

ANFS 101 (3 decks)

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