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Beef Production > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which country in the world is #2 in beef production?

A

Brazil

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the beef industry in the United States?

A

to produce the most meat at least cost

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3
Q

List 2 waste materials from Agriculture that can be fed to beef cattle.

A

Cornstalks and wheat straw

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4
Q

Write 2 benefits of including grains in beef cattle diets.

A

Increase marbling fat and flavor in meat
Increase ADG and growth rate

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5
Q

What is the latin translation for the word “cattle”?

A

Capital

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6
Q

Who was the first to bring cattle to modern-day Mexico?

A

Christopher Columbus

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7
Q

Settlers from which country first brought cattle to modern day US

A

England

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8
Q

Explain the history of the finishing phase of beef production.

A

The first finishing phase operation opened in California

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9
Q

Describe 1 outcome of the Beef Revolution that started in 1954

A

An increase in the number of beef cattle breeds

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10
Q

How has beef consumption in the US changed over the last 50 years?

A

It has decreased because of price

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11
Q

Explain how the beef industry is horizontally integrated.

A

Because the same calves are passed to different owners in each phase

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12
Q

What is the goal of seedstock operations?

A

To provide quality breeding and show animals

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13
Q

Besides live animals, what other product can be sold in seedstock operations?

A

Semen and embryos

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14
Q

What is the goal of cow-calf operations?

A

To wean calves at heaviest weight possible

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15
Q

If the cow-calf grazing land contains an abundance of cool season grasses, what type of calving season should the herd manager plan on using?

A

Fall

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16
Q

If a weaned calf has a heavy body weight, what would be the next phase of beef production you would send that calf to?

A

Feedlot

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17
Q

What is another name used to describe stocker operations?

A

Growing

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18
Q

What is the goal of stocker operations

A

To grow lightweight calves to heavier weights before feedlot on pasture.

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19
Q

What is the goal of feedlot operations?

A

To finish calves to slaughter weight

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20
Q

How many days do cattle typically spend in the feedlot phase of beef production?

A

120-150 days

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21
Q

Explain why the southern plains region of the US is good for raising cattle

A

Crop production is low but there is lots of grass pasture

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22
Q

Which breed has the same name as a Texas town and is prone to eye cancer?

A

Hereford

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23
Q

Which breed was developed by Lancaster and given top rankings in 6 categories of interest?

A

Beef Master

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24
Q

Which breed from Scotland is black and well known for its high-quality meat?

A

Black angus

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25
Q

Which breed is small in size and known as “poor man’s cattle”?

A

Dexter

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26
Q

Which breed is from Spain and used for rodeo events?

A

Coriente

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27
Q

Which breed is red in color and ideal for grass-fed and poor pasture grazing conditions?

A

Red poll

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28
Q

Which breed is from India (Bos indicus) and has good heat tolerance?

A

Brahman

29
Q

Which breed is from France and has the disadvantage of being late maturing?

A

Charolais

30
Q

Which breed is from Southwest England and is one of the oldest breeds in existence?

A

Devon

31
Q

Which breed from England is also popular for dairy and has good calving ease and fertility?

A

Shorthorn

32
Q

Which breed is from Switzerland and has the heaviest lean carcasses?

A

Simmental

33
Q

Which breed is from Scotland and can eat almost anything?

A

Belted Galloway

34
Q

Which breed is from France has the most fertile bulls?

A

Limousin

35
Q

Which breed is from Germany, has good longevity, but prone to myofiber necrosis?

A

Gelbveih

36
Q

Which breed is from Australia, produced from Shorthorn cattle, and have a Lower chance of eye problems?

A

Droughtmaster

37
Q

Which breed was brought to US by Spain, is small in size, and eats forage from swamps?

A

Florida Cracker Cattle

38
Q

Which breed lives in Brazil, has good reproduction traits but poor meat and growth traits?

A

Nelore

39
Q

Which breed is from France and has the same name as a state in the northeast US?

A

Maine-Anjou

40
Q

Which breed was crossbred from Bison and has healthier meat than other cattle breeds?

A

Beefalo

41
Q

Which breed was developed from crossing Bernese, Brown Swiss, and Red-Spotted cattle?

A

Gelbveih

42
Q

2 subprimal cuts from chuck

A

top blade
ground beef
chuck filet
bottom blade
chuck steak

43
Q

2 subprimal cuts of rib

A

ribeye steak
prime rib
back ribs
short ribs

44
Q

2 subprimal cuts of loin

A

porterhouse steak
tenderloin
sirloin steak
t-bone steak

45
Q

2 subprimal cuts of round

A

top round
heel of round
bottom round
eye of round

46
Q

2 subprimal cuts of flank

A

london broil
flank steak

47
Q

2 subprimal cuts of short plate

A

hanger steak
skirt steak

48
Q

2 subprimal cuts of brisket

A

brisket point
brisket plate

49
Q

At the minimum, how many calves should cattle produce in 1 year?

A

One

50
Q

How long is the estrous cycle in cattle?

A

21 days

51
Q

Within each estrous cycle, how long is the duration of sexual receptiveness?

A

2 days

52
Q

Explain whether or not cattle have seasonal estrous cycles like sheep?

A

No, they are year-round breeders

53
Q

How long is the pregnancy length of cattle?

A

9 months

54
Q

If a heifer is bred in August, when will the timing of calving be expected?

A

May

55
Q

Besides natural mating, what is another way of getting cattle pregnant?

A

AI

56
Q

How can a cattle producer collect semen from their own Bulls?

A

Mounting dummy

57
Q

List 2 signs of estrus that can be observed in heifers and cows.

A

Standing still
arched back

58
Q

Name the primal cuts in the diagram.

A
59
Q

Describe the protocol for using MGA for synchronization of estrus

A
  1. Feeding MGA at a rate of 0.5 mg/day for 14 days
  2. Inject prostaglandin 19 days later
  3. When estrus is observed 72 hours later, AI the heifers and inject GnRH

Or

Draw timeline

60
Q

Write 1 disadvantage of using MGA for synchronization.

A

Labeled for only heifers not heifers and cows

61
Q

What does the abbreviation “CIDR” stand for?

A

Controlled internal drug release

62
Q

Describe the protocol for using CIDRs for synchronization of estrus.

A
  1. CIDR is inserted at same time as GnRH
  2. 7 days after insertion, the CIDR is removed and animal receives a prostaglandin injection
  3. 60-66 hours later, we AI heifers and inject GnRH again
63
Q

Define the term heritability.

A

Percent of variation in a trait due to genetics.

64
Q

If a certain trait has 45% heritability, what percent of performance variation is due to environmental effects?

A

100-45 = 55%

65
Q

What type of traits are considered “lowly heritable”?

A

Reproductive traits

66
Q

What type of traits are considered “highly heritable”?

A

Growth traits and carcass traits

67
Q

If a heifer is bred for the first time at 8 months of age, what will be her expected generation interval?

A

8+9 = 17 months

68
Q

Explain what hybrid vigor is

A

A condition where the crossbred animal performs better than the 2 parent breeds (Heteerosis)

69
Q

Under what conditions would it be appropriate to use linebreeding in a beef cattle breeding program?

A

The goal of linebreeding is to preserve good genes from a good ancestor

Beef Production (4 decks)

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