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Beef Production > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which country in the world is #2 in beef production?

A

Brazil

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the beef industry in the United States?

A

to produce the most meat at least cost

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3
Q

List 2 waste materials from Agriculture that can be fed to beef cattle.

A

Cornstalks and wheat straw

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4
Q

Write 2 benefits of including grains in beef cattle diets.

A

Increase marbling fat and flavor in meat
Increase ADG and growth rate

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5
Q

What is the latin translation for the word “cattle”?

A

Capital

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6
Q

Who was the first to bring cattle to modern-day Mexico?

A

Christopher Columbus

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7
Q

Settlers from which country first brought cattle to modern day US

A

England

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8
Q

Explain the history of the finishing phase of beef production.

A

The first finishing phase operation opened in California

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9
Q

Describe 1 outcome of the Beef Revolution that started in 1954

A

An increase in the number of beef cattle breeds

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10
Q

How has beef consumption in the US changed over the last 50 years?

A

It has decreased because of price

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11
Q

Explain how the beef industry is horizontally integrated.

A

Because the same calves are passed to different owners in each phase

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12
Q

What is the goal of seedstock operations?

A

To provide quality breeding and show animals

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13
Q

Besides live animals, what other product can be sold in seedstock operations?

A

Semen and embryos

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14
Q

What is the goal of cow-calf operations?

A

To wean calves at heaviest weight possible

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15
Q

If the cow-calf grazing land contains an abundance of cool season grasses, what type of calving season should the herd manager plan on using?

A

Fall

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16
Q

If a weaned calf has a heavy body weight, what would be the next phase of beef production you would send that calf to?

A

Feedlot

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17
Q

What is another name used to describe stocker operations?

A

Growing

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18
Q

What is the goal of stocker operations

A

To grow lightweight calves to heavier weights before feedlot on pasture.

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19
Q

What is the goal of feedlot operations?

A

To finish calves to slaughter weight

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20
Q

How many days do cattle typically spend in the feedlot phase of beef production?

A

120-150 days

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21
Q

Explain why the southern plains region of the US is good for raising cattle

A

Crop production is low but there is lots of grass pasture

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22
Q

Which breed has the same name as a Texas town and is prone to eye cancer?

A

Hereford

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23
Q

Which breed was developed by Lancaster and given top rankings in 6 categories of interest?

A

Beef Master

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24
Q

Which breed from Scotland is black and well known for its high-quality meat?

A

Black angus

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25
Which breed is small in size and known as "poor man's cattle"?
Dexter
26
Which breed is from Spain and used for rodeo events?
Coriente
27
Which breed is red in color and ideal for grass-fed and poor pasture grazing conditions?
Red poll
28
Which breed is from India (Bos indicus) and has good heat tolerance?
Brahman
29
Which breed is from France and has the disadvantage of being late maturing?
Charolais
30
Which breed is from Southwest England and is one of the oldest breeds in existence?
Devon
31
Which breed from England is also popular for dairy and has good calving ease and fertility?
Shorthorn
32
Which breed is from Switzerland and has the heaviest lean carcasses?
Simmental
33
Which breed is from Scotland and can eat almost anything?
Belted Galloway
34
Which breed is from France has the most fertile bulls?
Limousin
35
Which breed is from Germany, has good longevity, but prone to myofiber necrosis?
Gelbveih
36
Which breed is from Australia, produced from Shorthorn cattle, and have a Lower chance of eye problems?
Droughtmaster
37
Which breed was brought to US by Spain, is small in size, and eats forage from swamps?
Florida Cracker Cattle
38
Which breed lives in Brazil, has good reproduction traits but poor meat and growth traits?
Nelore
39
Which breed is from France and has the same name as a state in the northeast US?
Maine-Anjou
40
Which breed was crossbred from Bison and has healthier meat than other cattle breeds?
Beefalo
41
Which breed was developed from crossing Bernese, Brown Swiss, and Red-Spotted cattle?
Gelbveih
42
2 subprimal cuts from chuck
top blade ground beef chuck filet bottom blade chuck steak
43
2 subprimal cuts of rib
ribeye steak prime rib back ribs short ribs
44
2 subprimal cuts of loin
porterhouse steak tenderloin sirloin steak t-bone steak
45
2 subprimal cuts of round
top round heel of round bottom round eye of round
46
2 subprimal cuts of flank
london broil flank steak
47
2 subprimal cuts of short plate
hanger steak skirt steak
48
2 subprimal cuts of brisket
brisket point brisket plate
49
At the minimum, how many calves should cattle produce in 1 year?
One
50
How long is the estrous cycle in cattle?
21 days
51
Within each estrous cycle, how long is the duration of sexual receptiveness?
2 days
52
Explain whether or not cattle have seasonal estrous cycles like sheep?
No, they are year-round breeders
53
How long is the pregnancy length of cattle?
9 months
54
If a heifer is bred in August, when will the timing of calving be expected?
May
55
Besides natural mating, what is another way of getting cattle pregnant?
AI
56
How can a cattle producer collect semen from their own Bulls?
Mounting dummy
57
List 2 signs of estrus that can be observed in heifers and cows.
Standing still arched back
58
Name the primal cuts in the diagram.
59
Describe the protocol for using MGA for synchronization of estrus
1. Feeding MGA at a rate of 0.5 mg/day for 14 days 2. Inject prostaglandin 19 days later 3. When estrus is observed 72 hours later, AI the heifers and inject GnRH Or Draw timeline
60
Write 1 disadvantage of using MGA for synchronization.
Labeled for only heifers not heifers and cows
61
What does the abbreviation “CIDR” stand for?
Controlled internal drug release
62
Describe the protocol for using CIDRs for synchronization of estrus.
1. CIDR is inserted at same time as GnRH 2. 7 days after insertion, the CIDR is removed and animal receives a prostaglandin injection 3. 60-66 hours later, we AI heifers and inject GnRH again
63
Define the term heritability.
Percent of variation in a trait due to genetics.
64
If a certain trait has 45% heritability, what percent of performance variation is due to environmental effects?
100-45 = 55%
65
What type of traits are considered "lowly heritable"?
Reproductive traits
66
What type of traits are considered "highly heritable"?
Growth traits and carcass traits
67
If a heifer is bred for the first time at 8 months of age, what will be her expected generation interval?
8+9 = 17 months
68
Explain what hybrid vigor is
A condition where the crossbred animal performs better than the 2 parent breeds (Heteerosis)
69
Under what conditions would it be appropriate to use linebreeding in a beef cattle breeding program?
The goal of linebreeding is to preserve good genes from a good ancestor

Beef Production (4 decks)

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