Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Autonomic Nervous System(ANS)

A

Controls cardiac and smooth muscle, glandular secretion, all involuntary functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the ANS differ from the somatic nervous system?

A

ANS has two motor neurons
Lateral grey horn synapses at autonomic ganglia at next neuron
Pre ganglion and post ganglion

SNS - one motor neuron to skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Location of the thoracolumbar division of the ANS?

A

Lateral grey horn
T1 to L2/L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thoracolumbar Parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Location of the craniosacral division of the ANS

A

CN 3,7,9,10
S2 to S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Craniosacral division of ANS
Parasympathetic or sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classification of Pre ganglion neurons

A

Type B fibers
Medium Sized
Myelinated 15 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Classification of post ganglion neurons

A

Type C fibers
Small diameter
Unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name of the 3 autonomic ganglia

A

Sympathetic Trunk/Chain
Prevertebral, terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prevertebral ganglion, #, location, P or S

A

5, anterior to the vertebral column in the abdominopelvic area
Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Terminal ganglion #, location, P or S

A

Visceral affector, smooth muscle, glands, parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sympathetic Trunk/Chain # and location, P or S

A

22 pair of ganglion
Along vertebral column
Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Structure of olfactory cells

A

Bipolar neurons
Expanded dendrite with 6 olfactory hairs, reproduce every 30 days, contain basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

Tounge - vallate papilae and fungiform papilae
Soft palate
Throat
Epiglottis
10k
50 receptor cells per tastebud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cranial Nerves that innervate the tongue and throat

A

CN 7, 9, 10
Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus

7 - Anterior 2/3
9 - Posterior 1/3
10 - soft palate, throat to epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Tear glands and tear ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Order of the three tunics of eyeball, superficial to deep

A

Fibrous, Vascular(Uvea), Nervous/Retinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parts of fibrous tunic of eyeball

A

Posterior portion - strong collagen CT, vascular, white of eye, sclera

Anterior portion - epithelial, clear, transparent, over color, cornea, avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Part of vascular tunic of eyeball

A

Choroid, vascular, darkly pigmented

Cilliary body - thickest

Iris - smooth muscle, circular and radial, pigmented, regulates light entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Differentiate between the ciliary body, ciliary process, and ciliary muscle

A

Body has two parts

Muscle - smooth muscle attaching to lens via zonular fibers, increase and decrease tension on lens

Process - secretes aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Photoreceptor cells for colored vision

A

Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Photoreceptor cells for dim light vision

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of light through transparent solid or liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Accommodation

A

Change in lens, thicker for close up, thinner for faraway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Convergence

A

Medial movement, nasal movement, eyes looking close together funny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is aqueous humor found?

A

Anterior cavity of eyeball, drains through canal of Schlem from anterior chamber to posterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased pressure due to overproduction or improper draining of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where is vitreous humor/body found?

A

Behind the lens to the retina, clear gelatin giving the eye its shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Myopia

A

Near sighted

Caused by longer eyeball or thicker lens

Difficulty seeing things far away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hypermetropia

A

Farsightedness

Caused by shorter eyeball or thinner lens

Difficulty seeing things up close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Presbyopia

A

Decreased pliability of lens due to aging, doesn’t change shapes
Difficulty seeing up close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Amacrine and horizontal cells

A

Located in retina, area of the photoreceptors and bipolar cells

Helps maintain visual acuity and sharpness in illumination changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Parts of the external ear

A

Exterior ear is auricla or pinna
Helix and lobule
External auditory canal
Tympanic Membrane(Ear drum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Know the correct order of the ossicles, lateral to medial

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

33
Q

Importance and connection of the auditory(Eustachian) tube

A

Connects the nasal pharynx to the middle ear, equalizes pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane(ear drum)

34
Q

Location of perylymph

A

Fluid located in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

35
Q

Functions of the tensor tympani and stapedius

A

Tensor tympani - restricts movement of the malleus

Stapedius - restricts movement of the stapes

Protects inner ear from loud noises

Smallest two muscles in the body

36
Q

Final destination of the auditory nerve impulses

A

Primary auditory areas cerebral cortex and the temporal lobe to auditory association area

37
Q

Where are high and low pitches detected?

A

High pitches - base of the cochlear ducts

Low pitches - apex of the cochlear duct

38
Q

Static equilibrium

A

Not moving, stasis, ability for the body to know where the head is

39
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Sudden movement in 3D space

40
Q

Where does static equilibrium take place?

A

Vestibule area of the inner ear, membrane labyrinth, uses maculae, little hairs in jelly(odolithic membrane)

41
Q

Where does dynamic equilibrium take place?

A

Semi circular canal, amulla, Christa, supporting cells and hair jello, drop of jelly, rapid movement moves fluid in ear that hit jelly

Three Demi circular canals to measure 3D space

42
Q

Narcolepsy

A

REM sleep cannot be inhibited during waking cycle
Involuntary periods of sleep lasting about 15 minutes occur throughout the day

43
Q

Cataract

A

Common cause of blindness
Loss of transparency of the lens, cloudy

44
Q

Presbyopia

A

With aging, lens loses elasticity and thus its ability to cursive to focus on objects that are close

45
Q

Otitis media

A

Acute infection of the middle ear caused mainly by bacteria and associated with infections of the nose and throat

46
Q

Tinnitus

A

A ringing, roaring, or clicking in the ears

47
Q

Term for the failure of a testicle to descend

A

Cryptorchidism
80% drop

48
Q

Dartos muscle tissue

A

Thin layer of contractile tissue in the wall of scrotum

49
Q

Processes involved in spermatogenesis

A

Two processes
Mitosis at puberty
Meiosis - divides sperm cells

50
Q

Structure of a sperm cell

A

Head
Acrosome - helmet, digestive enzymes
Nucleus - 23 chromosomes
Tail
Middle - rows of mitochondria
Principle piece - flagellum
End piece - flagellum

51
Q

Hormones secreted by testes

A

Testosterone by call called leydig
Inhibin - Sertoli cells, inhibits FSH, stops production of sperm

52
Q

Cause of male secondary sexual characteristics

A

Testosterone

53
Q

Sertoli cell

A

Nourish developing sperm
Produce fluid to move the sperm
Isolate sperm from immunity system
Secrete hormone Inhibin

54
Q

Duct order of male

A

Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules
Rete Testis
Efferent ducts
Ductus epididymis(first visible structure, waits for ejaculation
Ductus (Vas) Deferens
Ejaculatory duct(Also fed by seminal vesicles)
Prostatic urethra
Membraneous urethra(Intermediate urethra)
Spongy(penile) urethra
External urethra

55
Q

Secretions of Seminal vesicles

A

60% of semen volume
Alkaline - neutralize acid of vagina
Clotting factor - thick semen for cervix
Fructose
Prostaglandins - increase motility

56
Q

Secretions of prostate

A

25% semen volume
Milky white color
Acidic - citric acid
Proteolytic enzymes - clot dissolving 15 minutes after ejaculation

57
Q

Secretions of bulbourethral glands

A

Pea sized
Secrete clear fluid
Alkaline - neutralize acid residue in urethra
Pre-cum

58
Q

What occurs physiologically to cause an erection?

A

Cardiovascular event, engorging of vascular spongy tissue, opens arterial, closes venous return

59
Q

Final outcome oogenesis?

A

1 viable ovum, three small nonviable polar bodies

60
Q

General structure of the female reproductive tract

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Vulva

60
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • the prevalent STD characterized by burning sensation, frequent and painful urination, and lower back pain
    Can spread to fallopian tubes
61
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Infectious STD caused by BACTERIUM, characterized by inflammation of the urogenital mucosa, discharge of pus and painful urination

62
Q

AIDS

A

Viral initiated disease leading to decreased circulating T4 cells and lowers immunity

63
Q

Genital herlpes

A

Genital infection with painful blisters on genitals

64
Q

Syphilis

A

STD caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum
Primary stage painless open sore called a chancre

65
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Infection of liver spread by sexual contact, contaminated syringes, and transfusion equipment, also saliva and tears

66
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Caused by flagellated protozoan, characterized by inflammation of the mucus membrane of the vagina, urethra in males

67
Q

Genital Warts

A

Caused by HPV, increased risk of cancer

68
Q

Parts of the uterine tube

A

Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus

69
Q

Layers of the Uterus(S to D)

A

Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium

70
Q

Layers of Uterus Endometrium

A

Stratum basalis, Straum functionalis

71
Q

Hormones in Ovarian Cycle

A

Pre ovulatory FSH
Post ovulatory LH

72
Q

Hormones in uterine cycle

A

preovulatory estrogens
post ovulatory progesterone

73
Q

Hormones produced by ovaries

A

Estrogens, Progesterones, Relaxin, Inhibin

74
Q

Estrogens and Progesterone

A

Female secondary characteristics, Regulate productive cycle, healthy breast tissue, produce viable ovum

75
Q

Relaxin

A

Softens body for pelvis to stretch, increase flexibility in cervix, small constant production

75
Q

Inhibin

A

Inhibits fsh, natural birth control, turns off oogenesis

76
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Area of ovary where egg has been discharge during ovulation, produces high levels of progesterone, maintains uterine lining, maintains pregnancy

76
Q

Components of normal menstrual discharge

A

Blood, tissue fluids, epithelial cells, mucus, degenerated ovum

77
Q

Hormones in breast milk secretion and ejection

A

Estrogens and progesterone
Placenta produces HCH
Prolactin(PRL) promotes lactation
Posterior pituitary gland - oxytocin

78
Q

Implantation of ovum outside of uterus

A

Ectopic pregnancy

79
Q

Parts of the vulva

A

External genitals
Mons pubis - fat pad
Clitoris
Labia Minor/Major
Vestibule - region between labia
bumbs of the vestibule

80
Q

Episiotomy

A

Perineal incision to prevent laceration, easier to repair

81
Q

Mammary glands

A

Modified suderiferous glands(sweat)
Alveoli - milk production
Secondary tubules
Mammary ducts
Lactiferous sinuses
Lactiferous ducts
Nipples surrounded by areola

A&P2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions