Exam 3 Flashcards
Experimental evidence suggesting that the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised are data that show that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of ___________ memories.
recent and remote episodic
The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ___________ is crucial for the formation of long-term memories.
the hippocampus
Physiological studies indicate that damage to the brain’s___________can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.
Prefrontal cortex
Funahashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. These neurons showed the most intense firing during
delay
Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on
reconsolidation
Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory.
procedural
One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that
people are not conscious they are using it.
A man suffering from Korsakoff’s syndrome would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty?
Identifying a photograph of his childhood home
In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?
Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.
A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in
remembering graduating from college
___________ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale.
Systems
One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that
people are not conscious they are using it.
The primary difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia concerns whether:
the to-be-remembered event occurred before of after damage to the hippocampus.
Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.
remote
Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that
when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed
One of the key properties of the _____ approach is that a specific concept is represented by activity that is distributed over many units in the network.
connectionist
Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features. Most fish have gills, fins, and scales. Sharks lack the feature of scales, yet they are still categorized as fish. This poses a problem for the _______ approach to categorization.
definitional
Collins and Quillian’s semantic network model predicts that the reaction time to verify “a canary is a bird” is _____ the reaction time to verify “an ostrich is a bird.”
the same as
In the semantic network model, a specific category is represented at a
node
If we were conducting an experiment on the effect knowledge has on categorization, we might compare the results of expert and non-expert groups. Suppose we compare horticulturalists to people with little knowledge about plants. If we asked the groups to name, as specifically as possible, five different plants seen around campus, we would predict that the expert group would primarily label plants on the _____ level, while the non-expert group would primarily label plants on the _____ level.
subordinate; basic
Which of the following represents a basic level item?
guitar
If a system has the property of graceful degradation, this means that
damage to the system doesn’t completely disrupt its operation.
Which of the following reaction time data sets illustrate the typicality effect for the bird category, given the following three trials?
(NOTE: Read data sets as RTs for Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3)
Trial 1: An owl is a bird.
Trial 2: A penguin is a bird.
Trial 3: A sparrow is a bird.
583: 653: 518 msec
The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of “chairs” (e.g., most chairs have four legs but not all do) is
family resemblance.