Exam 2 Flashcards
Brief sensory memory for sound is known as
a. echoic memory
b. pre-perceptual auditory memory
c. iconic memory
d. primary auditory memory
echoic memory
Which of the following is not a stage in the information processing model of memory?
a. Short-term memory
b. Sensory memory
c. Episodic memory
d. Long-term memory
episodic memory
It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if
a. both are handled by the phonological loop.
b. one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop.
c. both are handled by the visuospatial sketch pad.
d. the central executive is deactivated during the dual task time period.
one is handled by the visuospatial sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop.
The three structural components of the modal model of memory are
a. receptors, temporal lobe, frontal lobe.
b. sensory memory, iconic memory, rehearsal.
c. receptors, occipital lobe, temporal lobe.
d. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.
sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ___________ memory.
a. short-term
b. sensory
c. autobiographical
d. long-term
short term
Sperling’s delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that
a. information in sensory memory fades within one or two seconds.
b. information in short-term memory must be rehearsed to transfer into long-term memory.
c. short-term memory has a limited capacity.
d. short-term and long-term memory are the independent components of memory.
information in sensory memory fades within one or two seconds
Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?
a. The visuospatial sketch pad
b. The phonological loop
c. Delayed response coding
d. The STM recency effect
visuospatial sketch pad
Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ___________, but later research showed that it was actually due to ___________.
a. priming; interference
b. interference; decay
c. decay; lack of rehearsal
d. decay; interference
decay; interference
Funahashi and coworkers recorded neurons in the PF cortex of monkeys during a delayed response task. These neurons showed the most intense firing during
a. delay.
b. stimulus presentation.
c. response.
d. encoding.
delay
Research suggests that the capacity of short-term memory is
a. quite large, holding a large number of items simultaneously.
b. equivalent to sensory memory, holding about a hundred items at one time.
c. somewhat small, holding only about seven items at one time.
d. larger than the capacity of long-term memory among young people.
somewhat small, holding only about seven items at one time.
Chantal has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem-solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect. Chantal is displaying
a. decay.
b. sensory memory.
c. agnosia.
d. perseveration.
perseveration
Working memory differs from short-term memory in that
a. working memory is engaged in processing information.
b. short-term memory has a central executive function.
c. working memory has unlimited capacity.
d. short-term memory consists of a number of components
working memory is engaged in processing information
Given what we know about the operation of the phonological loop, which of the following word lists would be most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?
a. PIG, DOG, RAT, FOX, HEN
b. SAY, BET, PIN, COW, RUG
c. MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP
d. BIP, TEK, LIN, MOD, REY
MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP
Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of
a. the phonological similarity effect.
b. short-term memory.
c. the persistence of vision.
d. the physiological approach to coding.
short term memory
The research by Ericsson and colleagues (1980) examined the ability of a college student to achieve amazing feats of memory by having him remember strings of random digits that were recited to him. They found that this student used his experience with running times to help him retain these strings of numbers. The significance of this finding was that
a. chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.
b. expertise with some material reduces susceptibility to proactive interference with that material.
c. knowledge in an area of expertise increases a person’s digit span.
d. experts show larger primacy and recency effects than beginners.
chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts.
What is the typical explanation of the serial position curve?
The primacy effect is due to LTM and the recency effect is due to STM
Gus Craik conducted pioneering work on the levels-of-processing effect. Which of the following was a major focus of his work?
Elaborating
A number of experiments on memory for text have shown that seeing a picture accompaying the text can aid memory, especially if the text is hard to understand without the picture. These results demonstrate the importance of ___________ in long-term memory.
organization
