Exam 3 Flashcards
Ability to enter and multiply in a host
Infectivity
Degree to which a pathogen debilitates its host, the ability to produce a specific clinical reaction after infection occurs
Pathogenicity
Ability to produce a severe pathological reaction or cause disease
Virulence
Ability to produce a poisonous reaction
Toxicity
Ability to penetrate and spread throughout a tissue
Invasiveness
Ability to stimulate an immunological response, produce antibodies in the host
Antigenicity
Infected with agent but no sign of disease
Colonization
Infected but has not yet shown signs of the disease
Incubating carrier
Infected but does not develop the disease, yet continues to shed the agent
Inapparent carrier
Infected but no longer shows signs of acute disease
Convalescent carrier
Infected with the agent with no sign of disease for a long period of time
Chronic carrier
Usually insects that carry disease from reservoir to humans
Vectors
An inanimate object (ex: doorknobs, tools, beddings, stair rails)
Fomite
Particles transmitted by air via droplets or particles (ex: measles, chickenpox, TB, pertussis, influenza, SARS)
Airborne
Passing from parent to offspring via sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in the vaginal canal at birth
Vertical transmission
Person to person spread of infection through one or more of the following four routes: direct/indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne, or vector borne
Horizontal transmission
Skin, sexual, person to person
Direct contact
Fomites, waterborne, airborne, aerosol, transfusions/injections
Indirect contact
Transportation of the infectious agent from an infected host to a susceptible host via food, water, milk, blood, serum, saliva, or plasma
Common vehicle
Arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitoes, or other invertebrates, such as snails, that transmit the infectious agent by bitting or depositing the infective material near the host
Vector transmission
Vertically from mother to fetus, horizontally by contact with blood or secretions during sexual activity, vector transmission through mosquito bite
Zika
Entry, development, multiplication of the infectious agent in the susceptible host
Infection
Possible outcome of infection; physiological dysfunction or pathological reaction
Disease
Time interval between invasion by infectious agent and first appearance of signs and symptoms of the disease
Incubation period
Interval which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from infected person to another person
Communicable period
Resists disease without antibodies; inherited or acquired
Inherent resistance
Host carries antibodies to the agent in the blood
Humoral
Specific to each type of cell
Cellular immunity
Transferred from one individual to another
Passive immunity
Transfer of antibodies and can be done in various forms, or from mother to child
Artificial passive immunity
Acquired through exposure to the agent
Active/natural immunity
Protection due to the immunity of most community members making exposure unlikely
Herd immunity
Measure of potential ability of an infected host to transmit the infection to other hosts
Infectiousness
Geology, climate, habitat
Physical
Human population, flora, fauna
Biological
Occupation, urbanization (ex: crowding, tension)
Socioeconomic
Facilitate the spread of diseases
Disasters
One that has appeared in a population for the first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range
Emerging disease
Intense excitement and concern for survival, rush of assistance from the outside
Heroic phase
Affected begin to bond and relive their experiences
Honeymoon phase
Responders can experience depression and exhaustion, delays in receiving aid
Disillusionment phase
Adjusting to a new reality and continued rebuilding of the area; counseling; when people can start being able to look forward; can take up to a year to get to; Some people may never rebuild and will have to move away and move on
Reconstruction phase
