Exam 3

Question 1

Ability to enter and multiply in a host

Answer 1

Infectivity

Question 2

Degree to which a pathogen debilitates its host, the ability to produce a specific clinical reaction after infection occurs

Answer 2

Pathogenicity

Question 3

Ability to produce a severe pathological reaction or cause disease

Answer 3

Virulence

Question 4

Ability to produce a poisonous reaction

Answer 4

Toxicity

Question 5

Ability to penetrate and spread throughout a tissue

Answer 5

Invasiveness

Question 6

Ability to stimulate an immunological response, produce antibodies in the host

Answer 6

Antigenicity

Question 7

Infected with agent but no sign of disease

Answer 7

Colonization

Question 8

Infected but has not yet shown signs of the disease

Answer 8

Incubating carrier

Question 9

Infected but does not develop the disease, yet continues to shed the agent

Answer 9

Inapparent carrier

Question 10

Infected but no longer shows signs of acute disease

Answer 10

Convalescent carrier

Question 11

Infected with the agent with no sign of disease for a long period of time

Answer 11

Chronic carrier

Question 12

Usually insects that carry disease from reservoir to humans

Answer 12

Vectors

Question 13

An inanimate object (ex: doorknobs, tools, beddings, stair rails)

Answer 13

Fomite

Question 14

Particles transmitted by air via droplets or particles (ex: measles, chickenpox, TB, pertussis, influenza, SARS)

Answer 14

Airborne

Question 15

Passing from parent to offspring via sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in the vaginal canal at birth

Answer 15

Vertical transmission

Question 16

Person to person spread of infection through one or more of the following four routes: direct/indirect contact, common vehicle, airborne, or vector borne

Answer 16

Horizontal transmission

Question 17

Skin, sexual, person to person

Answer 17

Direct contact

Question 18

Fomites, waterborne, airborne, aerosol, transfusions/injections

Answer 18

Indirect contact

Question 19

Transportation of the infectious agent from an infected host to a susceptible host via food, water, milk, blood, serum, saliva, or plasma

Answer 19

Common vehicle

Question 20

Arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitoes, or other invertebrates, such as snails, that transmit the infectious agent by bitting or depositing the infective material near the host

Answer 20

Vector transmission

Question 21

Vertically from mother to fetus, horizontally by contact with blood or secretions during sexual activity, vector transmission through mosquito bite

Answer 21

Zika

Question 22

Entry, development, multiplication of the infectious agent in the susceptible host

Answer 22

Infection

Question 23

Possible outcome of infection; physiological dysfunction or pathological reaction

Answer 23

Disease

Question 24

Time interval between invasion by infectious agent and first appearance of signs and symptoms of the disease

Answer 24

Incubation period

Question 25

Interval which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from infected person to another person

Answer 25

Communicable period

Question 26

Resists disease without antibodies; inherited or acquired

Answer 26

Inherent resistance

Question 27

Host carries antibodies to the agent in the blood

Answer 27

Humoral

Question 28

Specific to each type of cell

Answer 28

Cellular immunity

Question 29

Transferred from one individual to another

Answer 29

Passive immunity

Question 30

Transfer of antibodies and can be done in various forms, or from mother to child

Answer 30

Artificial passive immunity

Question 31

Acquired through exposure to the agent

Answer 31

Active/natural immunity

Question 32

Protection due to the immunity of most community members making exposure unlikely

Answer 32

Herd immunity

Question 33

Measure of potential ability of an infected host to transmit the infection to other hosts

Answer 33

Infectiousness

Question 34

Geology, climate, habitat

Answer 34

Physical

Question 35

Human population, flora, fauna

Answer 35

Biological

Question 36

Occupation, urbanization (ex: crowding, tension)

Answer 36

Socioeconomic

Question 37

Facilitate the spread of diseases

Answer 37

Disasters

Question 38

One that has appeared in a population for the first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range

Answer 38

Emerging disease

Question 39

Intense excitement and concern for survival, rush of assistance from the outside

Answer 39

Heroic phase

Question 40

Affected begin to bond and relive their experiences

Answer 40

Honeymoon phase

Question 41

Responders can experience depression and exhaustion, delays in receiving aid

Answer 41

Disillusionment phase

Question 42

Adjusting to a new reality and continued rebuilding of the area; counseling; when people can start being able to look forward; can take up to a year to get to; Some people may never rebuild and will have to move away and move on

Answer 42

Reconstruction phase