- Acquiring clutter - extreme inability to get rid of possessions

- Binge eating and compensatory behavior - 1 per week for 3 months

Exam #3 Flashcards by Cat Sanders

Obsessions (OCD)

Intrusive, repetitive, & distressing events occurring in your mind - cognitive treatment, i.e., defusion

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Compulsions (OCD)

Anything done to get rid of or reduce the anxiety from the OCD obsessions

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation w/ perceived physical flaws/defects
repetitive behaviors & mental acts done as a response
“imagined ugliness”

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Hoarding Disorder

Acquiring clutter
extreme inability to get rid of possessions

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OCD cycle

Obsessive thought → anxiety → compulsive behavior → temporary relief → repeat

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OCD neurotransmitters

Glutametergic neurotransmission

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Thought - action fusion

Thinking about committing a harmful act & actually doing it is equally bad

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Comorbidity & OCD

Depression/other mood disorders, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, & eating disorders

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Treatment of OCD

-SSRIs and
- exposure & response prevention → cut out compulsive behavior from the cycle

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Binge eating disorder

Eating an “unusually large amount of food in a discrete period of time” & a “loss of control” over eating
No compensatory behaviors

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Bulimia nervosia

Binge eating and compensatory behavior
1 per week for 3 months

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Anorexia nervosa

Significant restriction of food intake with perceptive issues about self image

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Mortality rate of E.D.

Higher than any other mental disorder
-High suicide rate

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Gender differences in E.D.

Far no re common in women than men

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Cognitive bias in E.D.

-Overfocusing on perceived negatives
- ex.”I’m too fat”

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E. D. Treatment

-First treat malnourishment
- then c.b.t., i.p.t., & therapy

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3 classes of substances

Depressants - alcohol, sedatives, & opioids
Stimulants - cocaine & amphetamines
Hallucinogens - LSD & psilocybin

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Substance use

General - non problematic

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Substance intoxication

Under effects of substance

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Substance abuse

Consuming substance for extended period despite negative consequences

Tolerance

Greater dose for the same effect

Withdrawal

Experience of unpleasant physiological symptoms in absence of drug

Most common substance use

Alcohol

Binge drinking

-Males: 5 or more
-females: 4 or more

Difference in substance & behavioral addictions

Difference between abuse & dependence

Positive reinforcement model

Use substance → pleasurable effect Explains now people become dependent

Negative reinforcement models

Substance use → relief from with drawal/negative emotions Explain now people stay dependent

Opponent process

Substance disrupts home statis

Medication treatment for substance abuse

Detoxification & agonist (alternatives) or antagonist (blockers) drugs

Behavioral treatment of substance abuse

- Aversion therapy - contingency management - relapse prevention

Community treatment of substance abuse

- Alcoholics Anonymous - residential treatment centers - community reinforcement/peer support

Schizophrenia

2 or more: - delusions - hallucinations - disorganized speech - disorganized or catatonic behavior - negative symptoms Continuous disturbance for more than 6 months

Delusional disorder

Delusions present for more than 1 month NO hallucinations

Brief psychotic disorder

One or more: - delusions - hallucinations - disorganized speech - disorganized or catatonic behavior Duration: at least 1 day but less than 1 month

Substance induced psychosis

Psychosis caused by a substance

Schizoaffective disorder

Psychotic disorder that is comorbid with a mood episode

Schizophreniform disorder

Same criteria as schizophrenia but shorter time frame (1 to 6 months)

Positive symptoms

More than normal - addition

Negative symptoms

Less than normal - subtraction

Disorganized symptoms

Disorganized speech/behavior & inappropriate affect

Hallucinations

- Auditory: hearing voices - tactile: feeling physical sensations - visual: olfactory & gustatory

Delusions

- Persecution: going to be harmed - grandeur / grandiose: exceptional abilities - somatic: bugs / parasites - erotomanic: in love - jealous: unfaithfulness

High expressed emotion

Hostile, critical, or overinvolved

Medication for schizo - related disorders

- Conventional: reduce positive symptoms but have parkinson's like effects (tardive dyskinesia) - second generation: reduce positive & negative symptoms; act on dopamine & serotonin

Supportive C.B.T.

Focus on maladaptive behavioral & emotional responses to psychotic experiences

Behavioral treatment for schizo-affective disorders

Reward adaptive - one of most effective

Behavioral family therapy for schizo-affective disorders

Psychoeducation for family members - communication skills & ways of minimizing high expressed emotion

Social & living skills training for schizo-affective disorders

Teach social skills through roleplays